What causes oily skin?
Oily skin is due to sebaceous glands producing too much oil, from genetics, hormones or improper care.
When performing oil enhancement with lamp method, what needs to be done?
Covering client's eyes with cotton pads protects from strong light, ensures safety.
How many vegetable cells make up a microbe?
In older cosmetology texts microbe refers mainly to bacteria which are single celled organisms. Each microorganism is one cell that reproduces by binary fission, so only one cell makes up a microbe.
For fine thin hair that needs more body, you would usually:
Correct: Option D - Slither the ends.
When doing hair, to check the heat of curling iron, what should be done?
Test on tissue paper checks safe temperature, avoids damaging hair.
When using chemicals, what needs to be done to protect clients?
Draping protects client's clothing and skin from chemicals, according to salon standards.
The removal of client's lip color should start at:
Correct: Option C - On the upper lip.
Vigorously brush the hair before a permanent waving may cause:
Correct: Option B - Irritations scalp
When super curly hair has been relaxed and is very fragile, the operator needs to use the following implement for cutting:
Chemically relaxed curly hair can become fragile and prone to breakage. Scissors offer the most controlled, gentle cutting action and allow the stylist to remove damage safely with precise sectioning and point cutting. Clippers or razors can exert more mechanical stress or slicing action that may worsen fragile hair condition.
Aniline tint with a pH of 9.5 and pure water with a pH of 7 is considered to be:
Correct: Option b - Acid - Aniline tint at pH 9.5 is slightly alkaline, but the question implies comparison with pure water (pH 7), and the context suggests a misunderstanding; however, based on standard definitions, it's not typically acid.
In order to make hair porosity uniform uniform and deposit a base color prior to hair tinting, first use a:
To achieve uniform hair porosity and deposit a foundational base color before applying hair tint, a color filler is used first, as it evens out absorption rates by filling porous areas with pigment and conditioners, ensuring consistent color uptake and preventing patchy or off-tone results during the tinting process. This step is essential for damaged, bleached, or highlighted hair where high porosity leads to rapid color grab in ends versus slower in roots, often incorporating warm tones to counteract ashiness when darkening. Unlike a cream rinse (conditioner for detangling), color bleacher (lightener), or color shampoo (temporary deposit via wash), color fillers like those from Sally Beauty or professional lines involve mixing with developer, applying to dry hair, and processing 20-30 minutes before tinting. Factors such as hair type—curly hair often more porous—require customized shades, with strand tests verifying compatibility. Resources like Essence or Beautycon emphasize prepping with masks for low porosity to open cuticles or protein for high to seal, but fillers specifically bridge for tinting. This technique minimizes damage, enhances longevity, and is taught in color theory for safe, vibrant outcomes, advising clients on aftercare like moisture routines to maintain uniformity and avoid fading or brassiness over time.
When removing bulk during a hair cut what distance from the scalp should you begin:
Correct: Option D - All of the above are correct.
What lightest color in primary color?
Yellow is considered the lightest of the primary colors (red, blue, yellow).
When picking up articles from the floor, use the muscle of:
Because the thigh muscles do the main lifting work — emphasizing safe body mechanics and protecting the back
A small amount of waving lotion will run toward the scalp and the body heat will process the scalp hair quickly. To avoid this problem apply the waving lotion:
Waving lotion that runs toward the scalp can be accelerated by body heat and cause overprocessing or irritation. Applying the lotion a safer distance from the scalp, typically between one half inch and one inch, reduces runoff and direct thermal acceleration at the scalp while still allowing the lotion to act on the hair shaft.
Converter is mechanical electrical device used to change a direct current (D.C) into an alternating current (A.C) and what device changes an alternating current (A.C) into direct current (D.C).
Correct: Option d - Rectifier - This device converts AC to DC.
What type of hair is cut to the crown?
Soft hair (not coarse) is easy to cut to crown, creates beautiful layers.
Hair removal by wax, shaving, electrolysis, and tweezing are among the treatments for:
These methods are used to remove unwanted hair, often linked to conditions like hirsutism or hypertrichosis.
Cutting the hair in graduated length from the nape toward the crown of the head is known as:
Shingling describes a graduated cutting technique where hair is cut progressively shorter toward the nape, producing a tapered or stacked effect from nape to crown. Layer cutting is a more general term for creating layers, razor cutting indicates the tool used, and club cutting is not the standard term for this graduated nape-to-crown method.
Solution used to test hair for a metallic salt color coating is comprised of one ounce 20 volume H2O2 and how many drops of 28% ammonia waters:
Correct: Option C - 15 drops.
Covered containers must be used for the storage of:
Correct: Option B - All cosmetics.
The immunity that is inherited refers as:
Inherited immunity, or natural immunity, is passed genetically from parents, providing innate resistance (e.g., to certain diseases) without exposure. Acquired immunity develops post-exposure, vaccination involves artificial immunization, and susceptible indicates lack of immunity. Natural immunity's basis in genetic factors like antibodies or phagocytes underscores its congenital nature, relevant in health-related cosmetology contexts.
An inflammatory condition of the tissues surrounding the nail is known as:
This condition involves inflammation around the nail, often due to infection, trauma, or irritation. Onychatrophia refers to nail atrophy or wasting, Onychia to nail bed inflammation, Paronychia to the specific inflammation of the surrounding tissue (commonly caused by bacteria or fungi), and Onychoptosis to nail shedding. Paronychia is distinguished by its location and frequent association with swelling or pus, making it a key diagnosis in nail care and cosmetology.
How should solution be applied on rods?
Apply solution gently and carefully to avoid hair damage, ensure even perming.
Shaping or cutting wet hair is done with a:
A razor is designed to be used on damp or wet hair to reduce friction and prevent tearing. Clippers and trimmers are primarily for dry hair and edging, while shears can cut wet hair but the technique specifically associated with wet shaping in state board style questions is the razor.
If tension is used when wrapping the hair for permanent waving, the action of the cold wave solution could be:
If excessive tension is applied when wrapping hair for a permanent wave, the action of the cold wave solution—typically containing ammonium thioglycolate to break disulfide bonds—could be retarded, as the stretched hair fibers compress, limiting solution penetration and swelling, resulting in slower processing, uneven curls, or under-permed sections with potential for dryness or breakage. This occurs because tension restricts the hair's natural expansion during chemical restructuring, preventing thorough saturation and bond reformation around the rod. In contrast, proper wrapping uses even, moderate tension for smooth placement without pulling, ensuring optimal curl formation. Sources like Milady and salon forums highlight risks of too much tension causing frizz, weak waves, or hair stress, recommending relaxation techniques and end papers for control. Factors like hair texture—fine hair more susceptible—or rod size influence tension needs, with over-tension often leading to 'fishhook' ends or scalp irritation. Cosmetologists perform test curls to adjust, processing 5-25 minutes based on strength, and neutralize to stop action. This principle, from two-step perming (reduction then oxidation), underscores gentle handling for durable, bouncy results, educating clients on aftercare like protein treatments to restore strength post-service.
Negative pole in galvanic current produces alkaline reaction and positive pole in galvanic current is best described as:
In galvanic electrotherapy the negative electrode induces an alkaline reaction at the skin surface while the positive electrode produces an acidic reaction. The positive pole acidifies the area and is therefore best described as producing an acidic reaction in contrast to the negative pole's alkaline effect.
What is the rubber material used to wrap electrical wires called?
Insulator (rubber, PVC) wraps electrical wires, prevents electric shock.
What can cosmetologists use to remove excess skin around nails?
Cuticle nippers cut excess skin accurately and safely.
Which of the following is one of the disinfectants used in salons?
Household bleach (sodium hypochlorite) is an effective disinfectant, diluted according to EPA.
What type of skin is most easily irritated?
Sensitive skin is easily irritated by chemicals, temperature, or products, needs gentle care.
Before attempting to comb out the set hair, it must be thoroughly:
Post-setting, hair must be cooled to set the style's structure, as heat from setting can leave it pliable and prone to distortion. Brushed hair may tangle, tangled hair is unmanageable, and perming or untangling are separate processes. Cooling stabilizes hydrogen bonds reformed during styling, a critical step in maintaining curl or wave integrity in cosmetology techniques.
Aniline derivative tints, para-phenylene-diamine is also referred to as:
Aniline derivative tints, including para-phenylene-diamine (PPD), a key oxidative agent used in permanent hair colors for its ability to penetrate the cortex and form large color molecules with hydrogen peroxide, are also referred to as synthetic organic tints, distinguishing them from natural or inorganic alternatives due to their chemically synthesized aromatic amine structure derived from aniline. These tints offer long-lasting, vibrant shades with excellent gray coverage but require patch tests for allergies, as PPD can cause reactions in sensitive individuals. Unlike vegetable tints from plant extracts like henna for temporary hues; metallic dyes with metal salts for progressive coloring; or compound dyes mixing types; synthetic organic tints dominate modern color lines for their versatility in lifting and depositing color. Cosmetologists must follow manufacturer guidelines, considering hair porosity and previous treatments to avoid damage, while regulations like EU limits on PPD concentrations ensure safety. This classification underscores their role in professional salons for customizable, durable results that evolve with trends in fashion and personal expression.
What type of hair needs the least amount of chemicals?
Porous hair absorbs well, needs less chemicals for processing.
To clean nail surface before applying gel polish, what should be used?
70% alcohol cleans oil and dirt, increases gel polish adhesion.
Your hands need to wash with liquid soap, scrub your hands and lather for at least:
Proper handwashing time is at least 20 seconds to remove dirt, oils, and most transient microorganisms effectively. This is a standard hygiene guideline in both cosmetology and healthcare settings to maintain sanitation. Less time may not adequately break down and rinse away contaminants.
When sectioning for a cold wave, each section should be:
When sectioning hair for a cold wave permanent, each section should be 1/2 inch shorter than the rod to ensure the hair fits neatly within the rod's length, allowing end papers to fold over without overhang, preventing fishhook ends, uneven curling, or solution drips, while promoting uniform wave patterns and reducing tension issues. This sizing—width slightly narrower than the rod (often 1/2 inch less)—facilitates secure wrapping, as the rod typically spans 2-4 inches, and sections match for density control based on hair thickness equaling the rod diameter. Unlike longer sections that cause bulging or slippage, or much shorter ones limiting curl size, this standard from Milady's guidelines optimizes chemical penetration in nine-section patterns (crown to nape), adapting for styles like bricklay or halo. Cosmetologists use combs for precise parting, considering scalp shape and desired volume—shorter sections for tighter curls—and test for elasticity pre-wrap. Historical cold waves, sans heat, rely on accurate sectioning for safety, minimizing breakage on fine hair or over-processing on coarse. This technique ensures long-lasting, bouncy results, with post-perm care like neutralizing and conditioning vital for bond reformation and client satisfaction in achieving desired textures from spirals to body waves.
Dry crystal packets add more in a cream lightener formula will:
Dry crystal packets in a cream lightener typically contain persulfates or similar agents that, when mixed, enhance the lightening process by boosting peroxide activity. This increases the product's strength, allowing deeper pigment lift, but can also make hair more porous or damage ends if overused. Decreasing strength contradicts the additive's purpose, which is to amplify the formula's oxidizing power, a key consideration in hair bleaching techniques.
When shaping the hair style, the cosmetologist must consider the length of hair, texture and:
Correct: Option B - Height of body.
What should not be used on eyebrows?
Aniline derivative tints cause eye irritation, not safe for eyebrows.
When your hand has a chap(fissure), what you do protect your client and yourself:
A chap (fissure) on the hand risks infection transmission to clients and self. Wearing gloves creates a barrier, continuing work increases risk, and stopping work disrupts service. Protective cream may soothe but doesn't fully protect, making gloves the safest, most professional choice per occupational health standards in cosmetology.
The three principal parts of a pin curl are the base, the circle, and:
The three principal parts of a pin curl in cosmetology are the base (the foundational section attached to the scalp that provides stability and determines the curl's position), the stem (the intermediate section between the base and the circle that controls the curl's mobility and direction), and the circle (the curved end that forms the actual curl shape, influencing its tightness and volume). This tripartite structure allows stylists to manipulate curl characteristics for various effects: the base ensures secure anchorage, the stem adjusts movement (from stationary to flowing), and the circle defines the wave or loop. Unlike texture or elasticity (which are hair properties affecting curl formation) or mobility (which is an outcome of the stem), the stem is essential for versatility in pin curling techniques. This breakdown is taught in basic hairstyling courses to enable creation of pin curls in clockwise or counterclockwise directions, for forward or reverse movements, and in stand-up or flat configurations, serving as the basis for intricate hairstyles, thermal sets, and even modern blow-dry techniques that mimic these elements for added body and style longevity.
What type of hair breaks easiest when using chemicals?
Damaged hair breaks easily due to weak structure, cannot withstand chemicals.
How to know if hair has absorbed enough solution?
Frequent strand test checks if hair has absorbed enough dye.
What is a disease that spreads from person to person called?
Communicable disease spreads through direct or indirect contact, according to CDC.
When you mix blue, green, and violet, what base color will be corrected?
Mixing blue, green, and violet creates a drab base, which is used to neutralize unwanted warm tones in hair.
What chemical should be used to remove artificial hair tint?
Artificial hair tint removal requires a chemical that breaks down dye molecules without excessive damage. A dye solvent specifically targets synthetic colorants, while hydrogen peroxide or bleach powder with hydrogen peroxide lifts natural pigment, and a 40% H2O2 solution is too strong for safe use. The solvent's selective action preserves hair integrity, a critical consideration in color correction procedures.
Scratches on a nail body could be the result from the use of:
Nail scratches often result from improper tool use. Strong polish remover, with its harsh solvents, can erode the nail plate if overapplied. A steel pusher on a dry nail risks scratching due to lack of lubrication, while orangewood sticks on a wet nail are gentler. The mechanical action of a dry pusher on a brittle nail surface explains the potential for scratches, a concern in manicure safety.
Split ends are best removed by:
Correct: Option a - Blunt cutting - Blunt cutting trims straight across to remove damaged ends without causing further splitting.
What is the hair wrapping method where paper is folded in half called?
Bookend folds paper in half to protect hair, creates beautiful perm style.
Around 35 to 40 hairs lose a day is considered normal. 40% of men and women show some degree of hair loss by the age:
Losing around 35 to 40 hairs per day is within the normal range of the hair growth cycle, where telogen effluvium or daily shedding occurs as part of the anagen (growth), catagen (transition), and telogen (resting) phases, but statistics indicate that approximately 40% of both men and women experience some noticeable degree of hair loss by age 35, often due to androgenetic alopecia influenced by genetics, hormones like DHT, stress, diet, or medical conditions. This figure combines male pattern baldness, which affects about 66% of men by 35 with receding hairlines or crown thinning, and female pattern hair loss, impacting around 40% of women with diffuse thinning, reflecting a blended average. Factors such as ethnicity, lifestyle, and environmental exposures accelerate onset, with early intervention through minoxidil, finasteride, or scalp treatments potentially halting progression. Cosmetologists play a role in early detection during consultations, recommending volumizing styles or products to camouflage thinning while advising medical referrals for underlying issues like thyroid disorders or nutritional deficiencies, fostering client education on preventive care like gentle handling and balanced nutrition to maintain hair health into later decades.
To clean hair before dyeing, what should be used?
Clarifying shampoo removes oil and styling products, prepares hair for dyeing.
Metallic salts are found in:
Metallic salts, such as lead acetate, silver nitrate, or copper compounds, are found in progressive hair dyes—gradual colorants that darken hair over repeated applications by reacting with sulfur in keratin to form metallic sulfides, providing subtle gray coverage without immediate drastic change. These dyes build color progressively, often used in men's products for natural-looking results, but they can cause brittleness, discoloration with other chemicals, or green casts, making them incompatible with perms or oxidative colors due to potential reactions like hair melting. Unlike vegetable tints (plant-based for coating), aniline tints (synthetic for penetration), or crayon tints (temporary waxes), progressive dyes with metallic salts require daily application until desired shade, then maintenance, with effects permanent until grown out. Cosmetologists rarely recommend them today due to health concerns (lead toxicity) and better alternatives, but historically popular in the mid-20th century for discreet aging solutions. Regulations limit concentrations, and patch tests are essential to avoid irritation. Application involves combing through dry hair, avoiding scalp contact, with results varying by natural color—darker on grays—and potential for unevenness if overused, emphasizing the need for professional advice to transition to safer demi-permanent options.
Two types of fillers are conditioning fillers and:
The two main types of hair fillers in cosmetology are conditioning fillers and color fillers, where conditioning fillers are protein-based treatments that repair and equalize porosity by filling in damaged areas of the cuticle and cortex, improving elasticity and moisture retention, while color fillers deposit pigment to create a uniform base, preventing uneven absorption during subsequent tinting or darkening processes. Color fillers are particularly vital when going three or more levels darker to avoid green or muddy tones by reintroducing missing warm undertones like red or gold, using semi-permanent dyes mixed with low-volume developer for gentle application. Unlike cream fillers (a form but not a type category), toner fillers (for post-lightening), or process fillers (not standard), these address porosity variations caused by sun, heat, or chemicals, ensuring predictable color results. Application involves strand tests, sectioning, and 20-30 minute processing, often with brands like Wella or Redken offering specialized products. Dermatologists and stylists recommend them for damaged or over-processed hair, combining with Olaplex for bond repair, and they can be used in foils or globally. This classification from Milady's textbook aids in color correction, like filling brassy highlights, promoting healthy transitions and client education on maintenance with protein masks to sustain even porosity and vibrant, long-lasting color without breakage or fading.
What technique is used to create volume at hair roots?
Backcombing (teasing) creates volume at roots, increases fullness.
When tint on hair with base is green and is previously bleach into pal yellow what color should be added achieves a good result:
Correct: Option D - Red.
The branch of science that deals with healthful living is:
Hygiene focuses on practices promoting health through cleanliness and disease prevention, aligning with healthful living. Dermatology studies skin diseases, cosmetology involves beauty treatments, and cosmetics relates to products, none of which encompass the broader lifestyle aspect. Hygiene's role in public health and personal care makes it the foundational science here, relevant to cosmetology practice.
Before applying a thioglycolate relaxer product to the hair, should be first:
Correct: Option A - Shampooed
What is the technique of intertwining two hair strands like rope called?
Twist intertwines two hair strands like rope, creates durable, beautiful style.
To create voluminous hair style, what tool is used?
Round brush combined with blow dryer creates volume and fullness.
Client just underwent chemical peel can have a facial treatment:
A chemical peel removes the outer skin layer, causing sensitivity and potential irritation. Waiting 3 to 5 days allows initial healing, while 3 to 5 weeks ensures full recovery from deeper peels, avoiding adverse reactions. After 12 weeks or 3 to 5 months is excessive, as facial treatments can resume once the skin stabilizes, guided by peel depth and client skin type, a critical safety measure in cosmetology.
Over processed in permanent waving result in:
Correct: Option B - Frizzy curls
What factor does frizzy hair indicate?
Frizzy hair is due to high moisture absorption, usually in porous or damaged hair.
Pin curls placed behind the ridgeline of a shaping, are called:
Pin curls strategically positioned immediately behind or below the ridgeline—the elevated crest or wave formation in a shaping or finger wave—are known as ridge curls, a specialized technique used to reinforce and define wave patterns by adding underlying support and texture. These curls form a wave when brushed out, creating a seamless transition between ridges for a polished, sculpted effect often seen in retro hairstyles like 1930s Hollywood waves or modern editorial looks. Unlike roller curls, which use cylindrical tools for uniform volume; pivot curls, which rotate around a point for directional movement; or sculpture curls, a broader term for artistic pin curls; ridge curls specifically enhance ridge definition, allowing for stronger, more durable waves that hold against humidity or movement. In practice, cosmetologists create ridge curls by winding small sections clockwise or counterclockwise along the ridge, securing with clips, and considering hair texture—curly hair may need less winding, straight hair more tension—to achieve optimal lift and flow. This method integrates with skip waves or full finger waving, promoting volume at the sides or crown while minimizing flatness, and requires skill in sectioning and drying to prevent frizz or collapse, ultimately contributing to versatile, long-lasting styles that elevate professional services.
After waxing the lip area, what should be applied?
Moisturizer soothes skin, reduces irritation, maintains moisture after lip waxing.
To minimize wide set eyes and make them appear closer, it is best to:
Correct: Option c - Extend the eyebrow line inside the corner of the eye - This creates an illusion of closer eyes.
What type of nail is most susceptible to fungus?
Damaged nails are prone to fungus due to weak structure, easy infection.
Which of the following has acid
Astringents are mildly acidic solutions typically pH 3 to 5 that cause tissue contraction and temporary pore tightening. Cassia oil and lavender are essential oils rather than acids and almond is a food containing fats and proteins. Therefore the item that has an acidic character is an astringent.
During the degrees of decolorizing, from black hair to pale yellow, hair can go through:
Correct: Option D - 10 major color changes.
When your hand has a chap (fissure), what do you do protect your client and yourself:
Wearing gloves prevents the spread of infection from a chapped hand to the client and protects the skin.
For best results when thinning and shaping the neckline, use the:
Detailing at the neckline is most precise with point cutting using the tips of the scissors. This allows controlled removal and soft blending. Clippers can leave hard lines, thinning shears are for interior bulk removal, and full blade scissor cutting lacks edge precision.
When doing nails, what type of lamp should be used to dry gel?
UV lamp dries gel effectively, activates photochemicals in gel.
What factor determines choosing the appropriate rod size?
Hair length determines rod size (long hair: large rod; short: small rod).
When doing nails, what should be used to cut cuticles?
Cuticle nippers cut excess skin accurately and safely.
Covered containers must be used for the storage of:
Covered containers prevent contamination and evaporation, essential for all cosmetics (creams, liquids, lotions) to maintain efficacy and safety. Storing only creams or liquids excludes other forms, while all cosmetics encompasses the broadest category, aligning with hygiene standards in professional settings.
The hair retouch, the hair tint is applied to the:
In cosmetology, a hair tint retouch, also known as a root touch-up or regrowth application, involves applying hair color specifically to the new growth of hair at the roots to maintain a consistent color appearance as the hair grows out from the scalp. This targeted approach prevents unnecessary re-coloring of the previously tinted lengths and ends, which could lead to over-processing, damage such as dryness, breakage, or uneven tone due to color buildup. The new growth typically emerges at a rate of about 1/2 inch per month, and retouches are recommended every 4-6 weeks depending on hair growth speed, natural color contrast, and client preferences. By focusing solely on the regrowth—usually 1/2 to 1 inch from the scalp—cosmetologists ensure color matching while preserving hair health, using techniques like sectioning the hair into quadrants, applying color with a brush for precision, and monitoring development time to achieve seamless blending. This method is essential for permanent, semi-permanent, or demi-permanent colors, where the goal is to cover grays or maintain vibrancy without compromising the mid-lengths and ends, which may require separate toning or glossing if faded. Factors like hair texture (fine hair shows roots faster), porosity (virgin regrowth absorbs color differently), and previous treatments influence the formula choice, often requiring a slightly adjusted shade or developer strength. Professional training emphasizes patch tests for allergies and strand tests for timing, ensuring safe, effective results that enhance client satisfaction and hair integrity over repeated services. In contrast, applying to hair ends risks darkening or dulling them, the entire shaft leads to unnecessary exposure, and hairline only ignores broader regrowth, making new growth the optimal focus for efficient, damage-minimizing retouches.
Hair that is tapered and thinned well is:
Tapering and thinning remove bulk and weight from the hair shaft, lowering resistance to shape and allowing waves or finger wave patterns to hold more easily. Heavy, blunt hair resists molding because mass pulls styles down, so tapered and thinned hair is generally easier to wave and style.
The process used in thinning the hair with scissors is known as:
Thinning with scissors is commonly called slithering. This technique uses scissors or thinning shears at a shallow angle to remove bulk and create softer lines. Clipper over comb is a clipper technique, razor cutting uses a straight razor for texture and edge, and layer cutting builds length differences rather than specifically thinning.
What type of hair needs the longest chemical processing time?
Coarse hair has thick cuticles, needs long time for chemicals to penetrate.
The visible portion of the nail, resting upon the nail bed is the:
The nail body also called the nail plate is the visible hard keratin that sits on the nail bed. The free edge extends beyond the fingertip, the lunula is the pale half moon at the base, and the nail root is under the skin within the matrix.
Cold permanent waving is possible because hair has a high content of:
Correct: Option d - Sulfor bonds - Disulfide bonds enable cold perming by breaking and reforming.
Pathogenic bacteria are commonly known as:
Pathogenic bacteria cause disease, earning them the common name 'germs' or 'microbes' in lay terms, reflecting their harmful impact on health. Antiseptics and disinfectants are agents used against them, not names, and beneficial bacteria (e.g., probiotics) are non-pathogenic. The term 'germ' historically derives from germ theory, emphasizing their role in infection, a key concept in hygiene and cosmetology sanitation.
To avoid overlapping in a tint retouch, color the new growth of hair about:
To prevent overlapping in a tint retouch, which can cause uneven color, banding, darkening, or damage from over-processing the previously colored hair, cosmetologists apply the tint to the new growth while leaving a small gap—typically about 1/2 inch—before reaching the line of demarcation where the old color begins. This technique allows for precise application to the regrowth area, followed by a brief feathering or combing in the final minutes of processing to blend seamlessly without direct overlap. The 1/2 inch 'up to' distance ensures a buffer zone, accounting for color expansion during development and minimizing risks like breakage or hot roots (where roots appear lighter due to scalp heat). In practice, hair is sectioned finely (1/8 to 1/4 inch parts), color applied from scalp outward stopping short, and timing adjusted based on hair type—darker or resistant hair may need longer processing. This method is crucial for maintaining hair health over multiple retouches, as repeated overlap weakens the cortex by breaking disulfide bonds excessively. Alternatives like 1/16 inch over or 1/4 inch over involve intentional overlap, risking buildup, while 1/16 inch up to is too close and prone to accidental overlap during application. Professional guidelines from sources like Milady's Standard Cosmetology emphasize this gap for optimal results, adapting for factors like growth rate (faster in summer), gray percentage, or previous lightening, ensuring natural-looking, long-lasting color that clients can maintain at home with root concealers between salon visits.
When discussing with clients, listening to opinions and repeating requests demonstrates what skill?
Effective listening ensures understanding client needs, improves communication and service.
After a scalp cream has been applied, expose the scalp to the:
Infra-red rays produce gentle heat that increases blood circulation, opens pores slightly and helps topical products penetrate the scalp more effectively. Ultra-violet and actinic rays are associated with photochemical effects and potential damage, and blue light is not the typical modality for improving cream absorption. Therefore infra-red rays are the appropriate choice for enhancing product penetration and circulation after applying a scalp cream.
Anode forcing alkaline solution through the skin from the negative galvanic for skin:
<p>Why Oil Is Used:</p><p>Oil acts as an insulator and barrier.</p><p>It prevents the alkaline solution (which can be caustic) from directly touching the skin.</p><p>It reduces irritation or chemical burns caused by the galvanic current or the alkaline product.</p><p>It also helps the electrode glide smoothly on the skin’s surface.</p><p>In other words:</p><p>When the anode (positive electrode) pulls the alkaline ions from the negative electrode through the skin, the current can dry or irritate the skin.</p><p>Applying oil before the procedure protects and conditions the skin barrier from that reaction.</p>
What is used to attach eyelashes?
Tweezers attach false lashes to real lashes accurately and safely.
After cutting hair at 90° vertical, how is the technician allowed to check?
Cross check (90° horizontal cut) ensures evenness after 90° vertical cut.
To keep the hair from tangling after a sodium hydroxide relaxing treatment, it should be used after shampooing:
Following a sodium hydroxide (lye) relaxing treatment, which permanently straightens curly or coily hair by breaking disulfide bonds in the keratin structure and swelling the cortex up to 30%, the hair becomes highly vulnerable to tangling due to increased porosity, roughness of the opened cuticle, and loss of natural oils, making post-treatment care essential to restore smoothness and prevent knots that can lead to breakage or matting during styling. The optimal solution is to apply a conditioner or cream rinse after shampooing, which coats the hair shaft with emollients, silicones, or proteins to seal the cuticle, reduce friction between strands, and replenish moisture, thereby detangling and improving manageability for up to 72 hours post-service. This step, as emphasized in resources like A Relaxed Gal and Milady's Cosmetology, counters the alkalinity (pH 12-14) of the relaxer that strips protective layers, with acid-balanced or moisturizing conditioners (pH 4.5-5.5) being particularly effective to normalize pH and enhance elasticity, preventing further damage like split ends or scalp irritation. Unlike acid rinses alone, which primarily adjust pH without conditioning benefits, acid-balanced rinses (a subset but less comprehensive), or medicated rinses (targeted for dandruff or infections but not detangling), conditioners provide slip and lubrication, often containing ingredients like cetyl alcohol or shea butter for African-textured hair prone to dryness after relaxing. Application involves saturating wet hair, combing through with a wide-tooth comb starting from ends to roots, and leaving on for 5-10 minutes before rinsing, with deep conditioning masks recommended weekly for maintenance. This practice minimizes risks associated with relaxers, such as hair loss (reported in 47% of users per studies) or dryness (67%), and supports long-term health, especially when combined with protective styling and avoiding heat tools immediately after, ensuring sleek, tangle-free results that align with client expectations in professional salons.
Electric vaporizing iron should not be used on pressed hair because they cause the hair to:
Correct: Option a - Revert - The moisture and heat cause pressed hair to revert to its natural curly state.
To protect nails after gel polish, what should be applied?
Cuticle oil maintains moisture, protects nails and surrounding skin.
If an item has blood on it, it must be double-bagged and disposed. What is this item?
Blood-stained cloth is medical waste, needs double-bagging to prevent transmission.
What technique is used to create smooth straight hair?
Flat iron (thermal straightening) makes hair straight and smooth temporarily.
What type of skin has no oil?
Skin without oil is dry skin, easily flaky, tight, irritated.
When cutting hair with a razor, what must be done first?
Wetting hair makes hair soft, easier to cut with razor, avoids damage.
What is a trimmer used for?
Trimmer is used to sharply edge hairlines around ears and neck, creating precise lines.
Boosters, protinators, and activators are products add to bleach to:
Correct: Option B - Speed up the action of the bleach.
Cutting hair at 45° elevation is called what cut?
Graduation (45° cut) creates transition from short to long, natural.
To avoid splits or breaks at the front or facial hairline, use:
To prevent unwanted splits, breaks, or visible separations in the finished hairstyle along the sensitive front or facial hairline, where hair is often finer and more prone to uneven blending due to growth patterns, cowlicks, or styling stress, triangular bases are recommended in pin curl techniques. The triangular shape of the base—formed by sectioning the hair into a three-sided partition—allows the curls to overlap seamlessly when combed out, creating a smooth, continuous flow that disguises potential gaps and maintains structural integrity. In contrast, square bases provide uniform volume but can lead to blocky appearances; circular bases offer rounded effects suitable for waves but may not blend as well at edges; and pivot curls focus on rotation rather than base shape for mobility. This approach is crucial in areas like the hairline, where natural contours demand precision to avoid a 'pieced-together' look, especially in updos, bobs, or vintage styles. Cosmetologists assess hair density and direction before sectioning, using clips to secure and ensuring even moisture for setting, which enhances hold and reduces breakage risks from tension. Triangular bases also accommodate facial framing, complementing bone structures like oval or heart-shaped faces, and are taught in foundational training to promote client confidence through flawless, natural finishes that withstand daily wear.
The main ingredient of nail polish is:
Nitrocellulose is the primary ingredient that gives nail polish its film-forming properties.