When doing nails, what is the last step before applying color polish?
Apply primer to increase color polish adhesion, ensures durability.
Egyptian henna colors the hair by:
Egyptian henna, derived from the Lawsonia inermis plant, colors the hair by coating the hair shaft with lawsone molecules that bind to the keratin proteins on the exterior, creating a semi-permanent layer that adds reddish tones while conditioning and strengthening the hair without penetrating deeper structures. This coating mechanism provides a natural, translucent color that builds over applications, enhancing shine and thickness but allowing the underlying pigment to show through for multi-dimensional effects. Unlike penetrating methods that alter the cuticle or cortex, henna's external adhesion minimizes damage, making it suitable for sensitive scalps or damaged hair, with results lasting 4-6 weeks depending on porosity and washing frequency. Traditional use in ancient Egypt for body art and hair extended to modern cosmetology for organic alternatives, often mixed with indigo or cassia for varied shades like copper or auburn. Cosmetologists must perform strand tests due to variability in henna quality (body art vs. compound), ensuring no metallic salts are present to avoid reactions with other chemicals. This non-oxidative process requires longer development (1-3 hours) under heat, and while it coats the entire shaft, it doesn't lift color, limiting use on dark hair to subtle warmth. Benefits include UV protection and anti-fungal properties, but removal is challenging, emphasizing client education on commitment and aftercare like sulfate-free shampoos to preserve the coating.
For proper hair tapering, the adjacent right next to length of hair strands should not vary more than:
A smooth taper needs small progressive changes. The difference between neighboring lengths should stay within about half an inch to avoid steps or ridges. A quarter inch may be overly strict, while one inch or more creates visible demarcation.
Applying pressing oil helps the hair to make softer, condition hair, add sheen to pressed hair, help prevent hair breakage and:
Correct: Option D - Help prevent hair from burning or scorching
When waxing, which direction should the wax be pulled?
Pull against hair growth direction is effective, less painful, removes hair from roots.
Electric vaporizing iron should not be used on pressed hair because they cause the hair to:
Correct: Option a - Revert - The moisture and heat cause pressed hair to revert to its natural curly state.
The carpal bones are classed as:
Carpals are small gliding bones typically categorized as short bones rather than flat or round. Given the choices irregular shape is the best available classification and distinguishes them from flat bones like the scapula.
The hair layer which is sometime missing in women's fine hair is the:
The cuticle is the outermost layer of hair that can sometimes be missing or underdeveloped in women's fine hair, affecting its strength and texture.
Hair may be thinned with scissors, thinning shears or with:
Correct: Option B - A razors.
Why should a cosmetologist place the index finger on the glass rake electrode for scalp treatment?
Correct: Option B - Keep low electricity.
The spray machine (otomizer) serves to stimulate nerve endings and:
Correct: Option d - Decrease oil - This helps control oil production on the skin.
When your hand has a chap (fissure), what do you do protect your client and yourself:
Wearing gloves prevents the spread of infection from a chapped hand to the client and protects the skin.
Around 35 to 40 hairs lose a day is considered normal. 40% of men and women show some degree of hair loss by the age:
Losing around 35 to 40 hairs per day is within the normal range of the hair growth cycle, where telogen effluvium or daily shedding occurs as part of the anagen (growth), catagen (transition), and telogen (resting) phases, but statistics indicate that approximately 40% of both men and women experience some noticeable degree of hair loss by age 35, often due to androgenetic alopecia influenced by genetics, hormones like DHT, stress, diet, or medical conditions. This figure combines male pattern baldness, which affects about 66% of men by 35 with receding hairlines or crown thinning, and female pattern hair loss, impacting around 40% of women with diffuse thinning, reflecting a blended average. Factors such as ethnicity, lifestyle, and environmental exposures accelerate onset, with early intervention through minoxidil, finasteride, or scalp treatments potentially halting progression. Cosmetologists play a role in early detection during consultations, recommending volumizing styles or products to camouflage thinning while advising medical referrals for underlying issues like thyroid disorders or nutritional deficiencies, fostering client education on preventive care like gentle handling and balanced nutrition to maintain hair health into later decades.
When doing nails, what should be used to cut cuticles?
Cuticle nippers cut excess skin accurately and safely.
During the degrees of decolorizing, from black hair to pale yellow, hair can go through:
Correct: Option D - 10 major color changes.
Unwanted hair is removed from large areas by the use of
Soft wax efficiently removes hair over broad regions such as legs arms and back. Tweezing and electric tweezers are slow and suited for small localized areas. Bleaching agents only lighten hair color and do not remove it.
When tinting on extreme resistance hair, you should be first:
Correct: Option B - Soften and slightly bleach the hair
What is the main purpose of UV bonding gel?
UV bonding gel increases adhesion between gel layers, ensures nails are durable.
When doing hair, which tool needs to be disinfected after each client?
Combs need disinfection after each client to avoid transmitting bacteria and fungus.
How long does it take to do a P.D test in order to apply artificial eyelashes
A predisposition test for lash adhesive must be performed at least 24 hours before application to detect delayed hypersensitivity reactions. Waiting only minutes is insufficient to reveal a true allergic response.
What factor does frizzy hair indicate?
Frizzy hair is due to high moisture absorption, usually in porous or damaged hair.
It is necessary to remove jewelry when using electricity on the client because?
Correct: Option D - Good conductor and can make a shock
The action of the chemical hair relaxer is to cause the hair:
Correct: Option a - Soften and swell - Relaxers break disulfide bonds, softening and swelling hair for straightening.
Electric clippers should be kept lubricated and sharpened to prevent:
Correct: Option D - The clippers from being rusty
What factor determines choosing the appropriate rod size?
Hair length determines rod size (long hair: large rod; short: small rod).
What skin condition should not receive facials?
Acute dermatitis (swollen, red, painful) should not receive facials, easily further irritated.
The nail walls are small folds of skin overlapping the sides of the nail:
Correct: Option B - Matrix is the correct term for the area where nail growth occurs.
For a hairstyle set with rollers, which one of the following has the most important effect on the firmness of the curl:
Correct: Option D - Diameter of the rollers.
Hair removal by wax, shaving, electrolysis, and tweezing are among the treatments for:
These methods are used to remove unwanted hair, often linked to conditions like hirsutism or hypertrichosis.
What type of hair breaks easiest when using chemicals?
Damaged hair breaks easily due to weak structure, cannot withstand chemicals.
Hair, nails, and skin are chiefly composed of a horny substance called:
The primary structural component of hair, nails, and the outer skin layer (epidermis) is keratin, a tough, fibrous protein that provides strength and protection. Hemoglobin is a blood protein, melanin is a pigment, and calcium is a mineral, none of which form the bulk of these tissues. Keratin's cross-linked structure, rich in cysteine, enables its durability, making it essential for understanding skin and appendage biology in cosmetology.
If the matrix is destroyed, then the growth of the nail:
The matrix, located under the base of the nail, is the active tissue where nail cells are produced and keratinized. Destroying it halts cell division, stopping nail growth permanently, as seen in severe trauma or surgery. An increase or less growth would imply partial function, and length refers to a physical attribute, not a growth process. This underscores the matrix's critical role in nail regeneration.
The hair retouch, the hair tint is applied to the:
In cosmetology, a hair tint retouch, also known as a root touch-up or regrowth application, involves applying hair color specifically to the new growth of hair at the roots to maintain a consistent color appearance as the hair grows out from the scalp. This targeted approach prevents unnecessary re-coloring of the previously tinted lengths and ends, which could lead to over-processing, damage such as dryness, breakage, or uneven tone due to color buildup. The new growth typically emerges at a rate of about 1/2 inch per month, and retouches are recommended every 4-6 weeks depending on hair growth speed, natural color contrast, and client preferences. By focusing solely on the regrowth—usually 1/2 to 1 inch from the scalp—cosmetologists ensure color matching while preserving hair health, using techniques like sectioning the hair into quadrants, applying color with a brush for precision, and monitoring development time to achieve seamless blending. This method is essential for permanent, semi-permanent, or demi-permanent colors, where the goal is to cover grays or maintain vibrancy without compromising the mid-lengths and ends, which may require separate toning or glossing if faded. Factors like hair texture (fine hair shows roots faster), porosity (virgin regrowth absorbs color differently), and previous treatments influence the formula choice, often requiring a slightly adjusted shade or developer strength. Professional training emphasizes patch tests for allergies and strand tests for timing, ensuring safe, effective results that enhance client satisfaction and hair integrity over repeated services. In contrast, applying to hair ends risks darkening or dulling them, the entire shaft leads to unnecessary exposure, and hairline only ignores broader regrowth, making new growth the optimal focus for efficient, damage-minimizing retouches.
When tapering with the razor, the amount of hair cut in one stroke depends on:
In razor tapering, removal per stroke is controlled by the blade angle relative to the hair shaft. A shallow angle removes little, a steeper angle removes more. Density, razor style, and texture influence technique choice but not the immediate amount removed by a single stroke.
When rinsing bleached hair, using cool water will prevent:
Correct: Option D - Brittle
Aniline derivative tints having pale and delicate colors are called color:
Correct: Option C - Henna.
Covered containers must be used for the storage of:
Covered containers prevent contamination and evaporation, essential for all cosmetics (creams, liquids, lotions) to maintain efficacy and safety. Storing only creams or liquids excludes other forms, while all cosmetics encompasses the broadest category, aligning with hygiene standards in professional settings.
What should not be used on eyebrows?
Aniline derivative tints cause eye irritation, not safe for eyebrows.
Tweezing, hotwax, cold wax, shaving, chemical depilatories, and thermolysis (electrolysis) are all treatment methods for:
Correct: Option D - Hypertrichosis or hirsuties.
If an item has blood on it, it must be double-bagged and disposed. What is this item?
Blood-stained cloth is medical waste, needs double-bagging to prevent transmission.
Dry normal hair can stretch to about:
Dry normal hair can typically stretch to about 1/4 of its natural length without breaking.
The protective fluid that is applied on acne skin contains:
Acne-prone skin benefits from non-comedogenic, soothing agents. Moisturize cream hydrates without clogging pores, while potential Hydrogen (pH under 7) indicates an acidic balance to control oil, and astringent lotion tightens skin but can dry it excessively. Alkaline products may irritate acne, making a balanced moisturizer the safest protective option in acne management protocols.
If cleaning under the nail tip excessively, what damage will occur?
Excessive cleaning of hyponychium (skin under nail tip) causes tearing, pain, easy infection.
Before giving a finger to wave, should be located on the:
Before performing a finger wave, the starting point should be located on the natural wave line of the hair, which refers to the inherent direction and pattern in which the hair naturally falls or waves based on its growth from the follicle. This ensures that the created waves align harmoniously with the hair's natural tendencies, resulting in a more durable, natural-looking style that holds better and requires less product or manipulation. If the finger wave is started on new hair growth, it might not integrate well with the rest of the hair; on a partial hairline, it could look uneven; and on the line of demarcation (often relevant in color-treated hair), it may highlight regrowth issues. Finger waving, a classic technique popularized in the 1920s and 1930s for creating S-shaped waves using fingers, comb, and setting lotion, relies on this foundational step to achieve symmetry and elegance. Cosmetologists are trained to assess the natural wave line by combing the hair in its natural direction and observing its fall, which varies by individual due to factors like cowlicks, hair texture, and scalp shape, making this a critical skill for personalized styling.
Cold permanent waving is possible because hair has a high content of:
Correct: Option d - Sulfor bonds - Disulfide bonds enable cold perming by breaking and reforming.
Changing the way matter, such as ice cubes melted to water is called physical change, if matter is changed to form new substance such as hydrogen peroxide mix with aniline tint of permanent color is called a:
Correct: Option D - Chemical change.
Pathogenic bacteria are commonly known as:
Pathogenic bacteria cause disease, earning them the common name 'germs' or 'microbes' in lay terms, reflecting their harmful impact on health. Antiseptics and disinfectants are agents used against them, not names, and beneficial bacteria (e.g., probiotics) are non-pathogenic. The term 'germ' historically derives from germ theory, emphasizing their role in infection, a key concept in hygiene and cosmetology sanitation.
Why must skin be taut when using tweezers?
Taut skin reduces pain, increases accuracy when extending lashes, avoids skin damage.
A double treatment with a heated comb for pressing hair is known as:
Correct: Option b - Hard press - Double heated comb treatment for full straightening.
What causes boils?
Boils are caused by bacteria (staphylococcus aureus) causing inflammation, creating pus.
What is the most accurate definition of disinfection?
Disinfection kills bacteria and viruses but not spores, according to CDC.
During a shampoo, what should be used when massaging and lathering the client's scalp and hair?
Use the cushions or pads of the fingers when massaging and lathering during shampoo. The pads provide effective pressure to distribute product and increase scalp circulation without scratching or injuring the skin. Fingernails can cause abrasions and discomfort, while palms or thumbs do not provide the same focused action.
Aniline derivative tints, para-phenylene-diamine is also referred to as:
Aniline derivative tints, including para-phenylene-diamine (PPD), a key oxidative agent used in permanent hair colors for its ability to penetrate the cortex and form large color molecules with hydrogen peroxide, are also referred to as synthetic organic tints, distinguishing them from natural or inorganic alternatives due to their chemically synthesized aromatic amine structure derived from aniline. These tints offer long-lasting, vibrant shades with excellent gray coverage but require patch tests for allergies, as PPD can cause reactions in sensitive individuals. Unlike vegetable tints from plant extracts like henna for temporary hues; metallic dyes with metal salts for progressive coloring; or compound dyes mixing types; synthetic organic tints dominate modern color lines for their versatility in lifting and depositing color. Cosmetologists must follow manufacturer guidelines, considering hair porosity and previous treatments to avoid damage, while regulations like EU limits on PPD concentrations ensure safety. This classification underscores their role in professional salons for customizable, durable results that evolve with trends in fashion and personal expression.
If using too much remover and filing aggressively or due to heredity, what nail condition will occur?
Brittle, cracked nails due to removers, aggressive filing or genetics weakening nails.
What is the purpose of properly draping clients during facials?
Draping protects clothing, increases comfort and relaxation, according to spa standards.
Another name for a pin curl is a/an:
A pin curl is alternatively known as a sculpture curl in cosmetology terminology because it involves meticulously sculpting the hair into a curled formation using clips or pins to secure it, allowing for precise control over the curl's size, direction, and tightness as it sets. This name reflects the artistic process of shaping the hair like a sculptor works with material, distinguishing it from roller curls (which use cylindrical rollers for uniform curls), barrel curls (formed around a barrel-shaped tool like a curling iron for volume), or spiral curls (wound vertically for corkscrew effects). Sculpture curls are versatile for both wet and dry setting, enabling the creation of everything from soft waves to tight ringlets, and are fundamental in vintage hairstyling, bridal looks, and texture addition. The technique requires understanding hair elasticity, porosity, and sectioning, making it a key skill for achieving customized, long-lasting styles that enhance facial features and suit different occasions, while also serving as building blocks for more complex arrangements like chignons or pompadours.
An alternation of the properties of a substance without the formation of any new substance is a:
Correct: Option D - Physical change.
What are traveling guidelines for hair?
Uniform layer creates consistent length, increases thickness and natural movement.
Client just underwent chemical peel can have a facial treatment:
A chemical peel removes the outer skin layer, causing sensitivity and potential irritation. Waiting 3 to 5 days allows initial healing, while 3 to 5 weeks ensures full recovery from deeper peels, avoiding adverse reactions. After 12 weeks or 3 to 5 months is excessive, as facial treatments can resume once the skin stabilizes, guided by peel depth and client skin type, a critical safety measure in cosmetology.
A substance that dissolves another substance to form a solution is a:
A substance capable of dissolving another to create a solution is defined as a solvent, a key concept in chemistry with significant applications in cosmetology. Solvents such as water, alcohol, or acetone work by interacting with solute molecules through forces like hydrogen bonding or polarity, breaking them apart to form a homogeneous mixture, as seen in nail polish removers or hair dye solutions. The solute, conversely, is the substance being dissolved, while a solution is the resulting mixture, and a binder serves to hold ingredients together rather than dissolve them. In cosmetic product development, solvents are essential for ensuring proper consistency, penetration, and efficacy, influencing the performance of creams, lotions, and other formulations.
Before applying an aniline derivative hair color, need skin test, or (patch test, allergy test, P.D test) is left undisturbed for a period of:
Correct: Option C - 18 hours – 24 hours is the standard period for a skin test.
When cutting hair with a razor, what must be done first?
Wetting hair makes hair soft, easier to cut with razor, avoids damage.
The removal of client's lip color should start at:
Correct: Option C - On the upper lip.
Potential Hydrogen (pH) of the skin and hair range from:
Correct: Option C - 4.5 – 5.5.
Hair with which type of dye makes it difficult to perform other services?
Metallic dye causes unwanted chemical reactions, making other services difficult.
What should not be done?
Hair removal on moles causes irritation, inflammation, changes mole structure.
The characteristic of a type of alopecia by the falling out of hair in spots or round patches around the head is called:
Correct: Option D - Alopecia areata.
In blow dry styling, the blower is directed away from the scalp to prevent:
Correct: Option A - Burning scalp
Hormonal changes during puberty cause some areas of vellus hair to be replaced with:
During puberty, hormonal shifts, particularly increases in androgens, trigger the transformation of vellus hair (fine, short, and lightly pigmented) into terminal hair (coarser, darker, and longer) in areas like the underarms and pubic region. Lanugo hair, typically present in fetuses, is shed before or shortly after birth and not relevant here. Medulla hair refers to the inner layer of some hair types, not a replacement process. The distinction lies in the physiological response to hormonal cues, making terminal hair the correct outcome of this developmental change.
Before attempting to comb out the set hair, it must be thoroughly:
Post-setting, hair must be cooled to set the style's structure, as heat from setting can leave it pliable and prone to distortion. Brushed hair may tangle, tangled hair is unmanageable, and perming or untangling are separate processes. Cooling stabilizes hydrogen bonds reformed during styling, a critical step in maintaining curl or wave integrity in cosmetology techniques.
What type of nail is most susceptible to fungus?
Damaged nails are prone to fungus due to weak structure, easy infection.
To minimize wide set eyes and make them appear closer, it is best to:
Correct: Option c - Extend the eyebrow line inside the corner of the eye - This creates an illusion of closer eyes.
When hair is bleached to red-gold, which tone base produce a neutralizer effect?
When hair is bleached to a red-gold tone, which typically presents as a warm, brassy shade with underlying red and yellow (gold) pigments at around level 7-8 on the hair color scale, a violet tone base is used to produce a neutralizer effect by counteracting the unwanted warmth according to the principles of the color wheel. Violet, being the complementary color to yellow/gold, effectively cancels out the gold tones, while its blue undertones help subdue the red, resulting in a more neutral, balanced ash or beige shade without over-toning or darkening the hair excessively. In contrast, orange would intensify the warmth, green primarily neutralizes red but might leave gold tones unaddressed (potentially creating a muddy effect), and gold would enhance the existing warmth. This neutralization process is vital in color correction after bleaching, involving application of a toner or semi-permanent color with violet base, considering factors like hair porosity, previous treatments, and desired end result to avoid damage and achieve even toning. Cosmetologists use this knowledge to refine bleached hair, ensuring client satisfaction with natural-looking colors that complement skin tones and maintain hair integrity through proper formulation and timing.
Bleaching before a toner is necessary for lightening natural color as well as for:
Correct: Option B - Porosity.
When removing artificial nails, if glue remains on natural nails, what should be used?
Fine file gently removes glue, avoiding damage to natural nails.
When shaping eyebrows, where is the highest point located?
Highest point of eyebrow is after outer eye corner, creates balanced, natural shape.
To keep the hair from tangling after a sodium hydroxide relaxing treatment, it should be used after shampooing:
Following a sodium hydroxide (lye) relaxing treatment, which permanently straightens curly or coily hair by breaking disulfide bonds in the keratin structure and swelling the cortex up to 30%, the hair becomes highly vulnerable to tangling due to increased porosity, roughness of the opened cuticle, and loss of natural oils, making post-treatment care essential to restore smoothness and prevent knots that can lead to breakage or matting during styling. The optimal solution is to apply a conditioner or cream rinse after shampooing, which coats the hair shaft with emollients, silicones, or proteins to seal the cuticle, reduce friction between strands, and replenish moisture, thereby detangling and improving manageability for up to 72 hours post-service. This step, as emphasized in resources like A Relaxed Gal and Milady's Cosmetology, counters the alkalinity (pH 12-14) of the relaxer that strips protective layers, with acid-balanced or moisturizing conditioners (pH 4.5-5.5) being particularly effective to normalize pH and enhance elasticity, preventing further damage like split ends or scalp irritation. Unlike acid rinses alone, which primarily adjust pH without conditioning benefits, acid-balanced rinses (a subset but less comprehensive), or medicated rinses (targeted for dandruff or infections but not detangling), conditioners provide slip and lubrication, often containing ingredients like cetyl alcohol or shea butter for African-textured hair prone to dryness after relaxing. Application involves saturating wet hair, combing through with a wide-tooth comb starting from ends to roots, and leaving on for 5-10 minutes before rinsing, with deep conditioning masks recommended weekly for maintenance. This practice minimizes risks associated with relaxers, such as hair loss (reported in 47% of users per studies) or dryness (67%), and supports long-term health, especially when combined with protective styling and avoiding heat tools immediately after, ensuring sleek, tangle-free results that align with client expectations in professional salons.
The process whereby the galvanic machine introduces acid pH astringent into the skin is known as:
Correct: Option c - Cataphoresis - This process uses galvanic current to introduce acidic substances.
If using metallic salt dye, what should be done?
Test for salt allergy to avoid dangerous reaction before using dye.
To avoid overlapping in a “touch up” color the new growth about:
When performing a touch-up, color should be applied starting about 1/16 inch away from the tinted hair to avoid overlapping onto previously colored hair. Overlapping can cause uneven color and damage. Applying too far away would leave a gap, and applying directly on tinted hair causes overprocessing.
A small amount of waving lotion will run toward the scalp and the body heat will process the scalp hair quickly. To avoid this problem apply the waving lotion:
Waving lotion that runs toward the scalp can be accelerated by body heat and cause overprocessing or irritation. Applying the lotion a safer distance from the scalp, typically between one half inch and one inch, reduces runoff and direct thermal acceleration at the scalp while still allowing the lotion to act on the hair shaft.
What is the first step of the disinfection process?
Cleaning removes dirt before disinfection, according to OSHA.
Anode forcing alkaline solution through the skin from the negative galvanic for skin:
<p>Why Oil Is Used:</p><p>Oil acts as an insulator and barrier.</p><p>It prevents the alkaline solution (which can be caustic) from directly touching the skin.</p><p>It reduces irritation or chemical burns caused by the galvanic current or the alkaline product.</p><p>It also helps the electrode glide smoothly on the skin’s surface.</p><p>In other words:</p><p>When the anode (positive electrode) pulls the alkaline ions from the negative electrode through the skin, the current can dry or irritate the skin.</p><p>Applying oil before the procedure protects and conditions the skin barrier from that reaction.</p>
When winding the hair in the curling iron close to the scalp, cosmetologist must place a hard rubber comb between the curling iron and the scalp to:
The hard rubber comb acts as a heat barrier so the iron does not contact skin, preventing scalp burns while still allowing close placement and tension. It is not for protecting hair, increasing glide, or preventing hair burning which is controlled by temperature and time.
Negative pole in galvanic current produces alkaline reaction and positive pole in galvanic current is best described as:
In galvanic electrotherapy the negative electrode induces an alkaline reaction at the skin surface while the positive electrode produces an acidic reaction. The positive pole acidifies the area and is therefore best described as producing an acidic reaction in contrast to the negative pole's alkaline effect.
An ingredient used in mask that has stimulating effect & its drawing action absorbs oil & dead cells is:
Masks often include ingredients to detoxify and stimulate. Fuller earth (clay) absorbs oil and removes dead cells while stimulating circulation, zinc oxide soothes but lacks drawing action, and chamomile calms without significant absorption. The clay's adsorbent properties and mild exfoliation make it ideal for oily skin treatments in cosmetology.
When bleach hair, subsection must be used:
When applying bleach, thin and even subsections ensure complete and even saturation of product. A 1/8 inch subsection is recommended to allow the bleach to penetrate uniformly without missing interior sections. Larger subsections may lead to patchy lightening and uneven lift.
When using chemicals, what needs to be done to protect clients?
Draping protects client's clothing and skin from chemicals, according to salon standards.
If a client wants both a hair coloring and a permanent waving, you should:
Combining coloring and perming involves chemical processes (oxidation for color, reduction for perms) that can damage hair if simultaneous. Tinting first then perming, or applying tint a week later, risks uneven results due to altered cuticle states. The safest approach is perming first, waiting at least 3 days, then tinting to allow hair recovery and ensure chemical compatibility, a standard protocol in cosmetology.
If you have 1 oz Quats solution mix 1 gallon of water, how many percentages of active ingredients should you add?
Correct: Option B - 12.5% is the correct percentage based on standard dilution.
Wavy ridge on a fingernail may be improved by rubbing the nail with:
Buffing with pumice powder gently abrades high spots in the keratin layers to level the plate. Creams and oils only condition and do not remove ridges, and polish remover is a solvent that can dehydrate and worsen surface irregularities.
Muscle in the skin that contracts and causes "goose flesh" is the:
Correct: Option c - Arrector pili - This muscle contracts to cause goose flesh by pulling hair follicles upright.
When doing hair, to check the heat of curling iron, what should be done?
Test on tissue paper checks safe temperature, avoids damaging hair.
If hands get disinfectant on them, what should be done?
Wash hands with soap and warm water removes chemicals, avoids skin irritation.
Over processed in permanent waving result in:
Correct: Option B - Frizzy curls
Which tool can be used multiple times?
Cuticle nippers can be reused after proper disinfection.
Why should you use conditioner filler before applying thio chemical relaxer?
Thio relaxers break disulfide bonds in hair to straighten it, which can lead to damage if the hair is porous or uneven. A conditioner filler, rich in proteins and moisturizers, coats the hair, evening out porosity and providing a protective base, enhancing relaxer uniformity and reducing breakage. Conditioning alone or even color application doesn't address porosity, while faster action or dye removal are unrelated to the process's preparatory needs.
To avoid overlapping in a tint retouch, color the new growth of hair about:
To prevent overlapping in a tint retouch, which can cause uneven color, banding, darkening, or damage from over-processing the previously colored hair, cosmetologists apply the tint to the new growth while leaving a small gap—typically about 1/2 inch—before reaching the line of demarcation where the old color begins. This technique allows for precise application to the regrowth area, followed by a brief feathering or combing in the final minutes of processing to blend seamlessly without direct overlap. The 1/2 inch 'up to' distance ensures a buffer zone, accounting for color expansion during development and minimizing risks like breakage or hot roots (where roots appear lighter due to scalp heat). In practice, hair is sectioned finely (1/8 to 1/4 inch parts), color applied from scalp outward stopping short, and timing adjusted based on hair type—darker or resistant hair may need longer processing. This method is crucial for maintaining hair health over multiple retouches, as repeated overlap weakens the cortex by breaking disulfide bonds excessively. Alternatives like 1/16 inch over or 1/4 inch over involve intentional overlap, risking buildup, while 1/16 inch up to is too close and prone to accidental overlap during application. Professional guidelines from sources like Milady's Standard Cosmetology emphasize this gap for optimal results, adapting for factors like growth rate (faster in summer), gray percentage, or previous lightening, ensuring natural-looking, long-lasting color that clients can maintain at home with root concealers between salon visits.
The club-shaped structure forming the lower part of the hair root is called the:
The hair root's anatomy is foundational in cosmetology for hair growth and treatment planning. The bulb, a club-shaped structure at the base, houses the matrix where cell division occurs to generate hair. The shaft is the keratinized portion extending from the skin, the follicle is the surrounding sheath, and the papilla is a vascular structure supplying nutrients. Misidentifying these could lead to improper hair care techniques, making precise knowledge essential for professionals dealing with hair health and styling.
An under development tint in hair coloring on hair prominently grey hair is indicated by:
Correct: Option B - Under development product
To determine the hair's degree of elasticity, it is known as the:
Elasticity measures hair's ability to stretch and return to shape, a vital property in cosmetology for assessing hair health before chemical treatments. The strand test involves stretching a hair strand to evaluate elasticity, the allergy test checks for reactions, the push test assesses texture, and the pull test measures shedding. The strand test's focus on physical properties makes it the standard for elasticity assessment.
A healthy scalp should have a pH level of approximately:
A healthy scalp maintains a pH level ranging from approximately 4.5 to 5.5, establishing an acidic environment known as the acid mantle that serves as a protective barrier against harmful microorganisms, regulates moisture, and supports overall scalp health. This acidity is maintained by natural sebum and sweat secretions, creating an inhospitable environment for pathogens while fostering a balanced microbiome. Hair care products, such as shampoos and conditioners, are often formulated within this pH range to preserve the scalp's natural state and maximize efficacy. A pH of 6.5 to 7.5, while closer to neutral skin pH, is less optimal for the scalp as it may disrupt this balance, whereas 3 to 4 is excessively acidic, potentially irritating, and 7 to 8 is too alkaline, risking dryness or microbial overgrowth. Understanding this pH range is critical in cosmetology for selecting appropriate hair and scalp treatments.
In a bleach retouch, hair breakage may result:
Correct: Option B - The lighten over lap to bleached hair.
What chemical agent is required in addition to the chemical relaxer?
Correct: Option d - Stabilizer - This neutralizes the relaxer and reforms bonds.
In order to make hair porosity uniform uniform and deposit a base color prior to hair tinting, first use a:
To achieve uniform hair porosity and deposit a foundational base color before applying hair tint, a color filler is used first, as it evens out absorption rates by filling porous areas with pigment and conditioners, ensuring consistent color uptake and preventing patchy or off-tone results during the tinting process. This step is essential for damaged, bleached, or highlighted hair where high porosity leads to rapid color grab in ends versus slower in roots, often incorporating warm tones to counteract ashiness when darkening. Unlike a cream rinse (conditioner for detangling), color bleacher (lightener), or color shampoo (temporary deposit via wash), color fillers like those from Sally Beauty or professional lines involve mixing with developer, applying to dry hair, and processing 20-30 minutes before tinting. Factors such as hair type—curly hair often more porous—require customized shades, with strand tests verifying compatibility. Resources like Essence or Beautycon emphasize prepping with masks for low porosity to open cuticles or protein for high to seal, but fillers specifically bridge for tinting. This technique minimizes damage, enhances longevity, and is taught in color theory for safe, vibrant outcomes, advising clients on aftercare like moisture routines to maintain uniformity and avoid fading or brassiness over time.
Why does the technician need to hold and move the client's hair when styling?
Holding and moving hair prevents scalp burns when using heat tools, ensuring safety.
To create layers when cutting hair, what cutting line is used?
Diagonal line creates layers, smooth transition between hair layers.
On hair bleached to pale yellow, which service should not be performed?
Bleached pale yellow hair is weak, easily broken, should not perm/straighten as it causes damage.
For dry skin people, commercial mask should have:
Dry skin requires emollients to restore moisture and protect the barrier. Petrolatum (petroleum cream) and emollient ingredients lock in hydration, bee wax adds a occlusive layer, and soft skin emollient is a descriptive term. Petrolatum's occlusive properties make it a standard choice in hydrating masks.
Cosmetology textbooks recommend that a steel pusher be used on a moist nail:
Moistening provides lubrication so the metal pusher glides without scratching the nail plate. This has nothing to do with circulation, the nail mantle, or visibility of the lunula.
The scientific study of hair is called:
The scientific study of hair, encompassing its growth patterns, structure, and associated disorders, is known as trichology, a specialized field that bridges dermatology and cosmetology. Trichology delves into the anatomy of the hair follicle, the cyclical growth phases - anagen (growth), catagen (transitional), and telogen (resting) - and conditions such as alopecia, dandruff, or excessive hair loss. This knowledge is invaluable for diagnosing scalp issues and tailoring hair care treatments, making it a cornerstone for professionals in hair restoration and salon services. Dermatology, while related, focuses more broadly on skin conditions including those affecting the scalp but is not specific to hair. Cosmetology involves the practical application of beauty techniques, including hair styling and coloring, but lacks the scientific depth of trichology. Biology, as a general science, covers all life forms and is too expansive to be specific to hair study alone.
To avoid splits or breaks at the front or facial hairline, use:
To prevent unwanted splits, breaks, or visible separations in the finished hairstyle along the sensitive front or facial hairline, where hair is often finer and more prone to uneven blending due to growth patterns, cowlicks, or styling stress, triangular bases are recommended in pin curl techniques. The triangular shape of the base—formed by sectioning the hair into a three-sided partition—allows the curls to overlap seamlessly when combed out, creating a smooth, continuous flow that disguises potential gaps and maintains structural integrity. In contrast, square bases provide uniform volume but can lead to blocky appearances; circular bases offer rounded effects suitable for waves but may not blend as well at edges; and pivot curls focus on rotation rather than base shape for mobility. This approach is crucial in areas like the hairline, where natural contours demand precision to avoid a 'pieced-together' look, especially in updos, bobs, or vintage styles. Cosmetologists assess hair density and direction before sectioning, using clips to secure and ensuring even moisture for setting, which enhances hold and reduces breakage risks from tension. Triangular bases also accommodate facial framing, complementing bone structures like oval or heart-shaped faces, and are taught in foundational training to promote client confidence through flawless, natural finishes that withstand daily wear.
What is a method for wrapping long hair for a regular permanent wave?
In perming, wrapping techniques determine curl pattern. The piggyback method overlaps rods for long hair, ensuring even solution penetration. Drop curl, spiral, and straight back are specific styles or methods, but piggyback is tailored for length management in standard perms. This technique optimizes tension and chemical distribution, critical for uniform results in long hair styling.
For best results when thinning and shaping the neckline, use the:
Detailing at the neckline is most precise with point cutting using the tips of the scissors. This allows controlled removal and soft blending. Clippers can leave hard lines, thinning shears are for interior bulk removal, and full blade scissor cutting lacks edge precision.
When doing a virgin tint on a head of hair with damaged and porous ends, before applying the tint, you would:
Correct: Option B - Treat the ends with a color filler.
Textbook recommend steel pusher to be used:
The steel pusher is a precision tool in manicure to manage cuticles, requiring careful application to avoid nail bed damage. On a dry nail body, gentle flat pressure allows controlled cuticle movement without excessive moisture softening, which could lead to tearing. Angled use on moist nails risks injury if pressure is uneven, and moist conditions generally require different tools or techniques. This recommendation underscores the importance of technique in maintaining nail integrity during professional care.
Two types of fillers are conditioning fillers and:
The two main types of hair fillers in cosmetology are conditioning fillers and color fillers, where conditioning fillers are protein-based treatments that repair and equalize porosity by filling in damaged areas of the cuticle and cortex, improving elasticity and moisture retention, while color fillers deposit pigment to create a uniform base, preventing uneven absorption during subsequent tinting or darkening processes. Color fillers are particularly vital when going three or more levels darker to avoid green or muddy tones by reintroducing missing warm undertones like red or gold, using semi-permanent dyes mixed with low-volume developer for gentle application. Unlike cream fillers (a form but not a type category), toner fillers (for post-lightening), or process fillers (not standard), these address porosity variations caused by sun, heat, or chemicals, ensuring predictable color results. Application involves strand tests, sectioning, and 20-30 minute processing, often with brands like Wella or Redken offering specialized products. Dermatologists and stylists recommend them for damaged or over-processed hair, combining with Olaplex for bond repair, and they can be used in foils or globally. This classification from Milady's textbook aids in color correction, like filling brassy highlights, promoting healthy transitions and client education on maintenance with protein masks to sustain even porosity and vibrant, long-lasting color without breakage or fading.
What is the name of the hair loss condition in patches?
Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease causing round patches of hair loss on the scalp.
The branch of science that deals with healthful living is:
Hygiene focuses on practices promoting health through cleanliness and disease prevention, aligning with healthful living. Dermatology studies skin diseases, cosmetology involves beauty treatments, and cosmetics relates to products, none of which encompass the broader lifestyle aspect. Hygiene's role in public health and personal care makes it the foundational science here, relevant to cosmetology practice.
To check hair strength before dyeing, what test is used?
Elasticity test checks elasticity, assesses hair health before dyeing.
When cutting hair, which finger goes into the fixed hole of scissors?
Ring finger goes into fixed hole of scissors, ensures good control.
Black hair wants to change to red-brown hair color, but you have only blue base tint in your stock, when you should stop bleaching?
Correct: Option B - Achieves yellow color.
Hair difficult to bleach up to the yellow must likely contains:
Correct: Option B - Red pigments.
Forcing an alkaline solution into the skin with the negative galvanic pole is best for which skin type:
Anaphoresis uses the negative pole to drive alkaline solutions, soften tissue, and emulsify sebum. It helps desincrust congested follicles, making it most appropriate for acne prone and oily skin rather than dry or dehydrated skin.
What is the rubber material used to wrap electrical wires called?
Insulator (rubber, PVC) wraps electrical wires, prevents electric shock.
Pathogenic bacteria that require living matter for growth are called
Parasites depend on a living host for nutrients and reproduction which fits pathogenic bacteria that grow only in living tissue. Pimples boils and pus are conditions or byproducts of infection not organisms.
The process used in thinning the hair with scissors is known as:
Thinning with scissors is commonly called slithering. This technique uses scissors or thinning shears at a shallow angle to remove bulk and create softer lines. Clipper over comb is a clipper technique, razor cutting uses a straight razor for texture and edge, and layer cutting builds length differences rather than specifically thinning.
How to know if hair has absorbed enough solution?
Frequent strand test checks if hair has absorbed enough dye.
No person shall massage a surface of skin or a scalp on a patron that is
Massaging infected skin can spread bacteria or worsen the condition, so it is prohibited in cosmetology practices.
When tint on hair with base is green and is previously bleach into pal yellow what color should be added achieves a good result:
Correct: Option D - Red.
What type of hair needs the least amount of chemicals?
Porous hair absorbs well, needs less chemicals for processing.
The muscle connected to the hair follicle is called the:
The arrector pili muscle is responsible for causing the hair to stand up, often due to cold or fear.
Where should thermal iron heat be tested?
Test on tissue checks safe temperature before ironing hair.
Besides brush-bowl, what else can be used to hold and apply hair dye?
Brush-bottle is a specialized bottle for holding and applying hair dye, convenient and accurate.
What is the technique of intertwining two hair strands like rope called?
Twist intertwines two hair strands like rope, creates durable, beautiful style.
The hair, which can be thinned closest to the scalp, is:
In cosmetology, coarse hair can be thinned closest to the scalp because it has a thicker diameter and greater density, allowing stylists to remove bulk right near the roots without causing the hair to appear too sparse or damaged. Thinning shears or razors can be applied as close as 1/2 inch from the scalp on coarse hair to effectively reduce volume and prevent a bulky appearance, while blending seamlessly due to the hair's robust structure. In contrast, fine hair requires thinning farther from the scalp (typically 1-1.5 inches away) to avoid making it look limp, stringy, or overly thin, as its delicate strands do not blend as well when cut too close. Medium hair falls in between, often thinned about 1 inch away, and damaged hair should be approached cautiously regardless of texture to prevent further breakage. This principle is taught in cosmetology training to help stylists tailor cutting techniques to different hair types, ensuring optimal results for texture management, style longevity, and client satisfaction. Factors like hair porosity, elasticity, and overall health also influence how close thinning can be done, but texture is the primary determinant.
How the scissor is properly positioned while the cosmetologist divides subsections the hair in hair cutting?
Correct: Option B - Closing the scissors & facing the cosmetologist.
To create voluminous hair style, what tool is used?
Round brush combined with blow dryer creates volume and fullness.
Professional ethics in the salon includes what?
Notifying before leaving shows responsibility and respect for the salon owner.
Color rinse contains:
Color rinses, temporary hair color products designed for short-term enhancement or toning, contain certified colors—FD&C (Food, Drug, and Cosmetic) approved pigments like acid dyes that adhere to the hair's exterior without penetration, providing a sheer wash of color that lasts 1-3 shampoos. These water-soluble dyes, regulated for safety by bodies like the FDA, allow for easy experimentation with shades to neutralize brassiness, add shine, or boost vibrancy post-coloring, without ammonia or peroxide for minimal commitment and damage. Unlike penetrating colors (permanent dyes entering the cortex), aniline colors (synthetic organics for deeper deposit), or compound colors (blends of types), certified colors in rinses coat the cuticle temporarily, ideal for gray blending or fantasy hues on pre-lightened hair. Cosmetologists apply them post-shampoo, leaving on 5-15 minutes for intensity control, often in salons for gloss services or at home for maintenance. Formulations may include conditioners for softness, with pH around 3-4 to seal cuticles, enhancing light reflection. Historical use dates to early 20th-century rinses for subtle changes, evolving to modern toners like purple rinses for blondes. Considerations include porosity (porous hair holds longer) and buildup prevention through clarifying, ensuring versatile, user-friendly options for all ages and hair types.
To remove residue from hair, what type of shampoo should be used?
Clarifying shampoo removes dye, hairspray, deep cleans hair.
What lightest color in primary color?
Yellow is considered the lightest of the primary colors (red, blue, yellow).
A tint product is applied first on the darkest hair area is:
Correct: Option B - Lighten the hair
After waxing the lip area, what should be applied?
Moisturizer soothes skin, reduces irritation, maintains moisture after lip waxing.
When doing nails, what needs to be checked to ensure safety?
Chemical allergy test (patch test) avoids skin reactions before service.
What happens when you put dirty nail clippers into a disinfectant solution?
Soaking dirty tools causes cross-contamination, rendering the solution ineffective and requiring replacement. According to OSHA, tools must be cleaned before disinfection.
Watery blisters and thick white skin between the toes are signs of:
Watery blisters and thick white skin between the toes are characteristic symptoms of athlete's foot.
A hangnail condition may be corrected by trimming the hangnail and softening the surrounding skin with:
After carefully trimming a hangnail, cuticle oil softens and rehydrates the surrounding skin, reducing splitting and the chance of infection. Naphtha soap is harsh, boric acid is an antiseptic not an emollient, and polish remover dehydrates tissue.
When applying artificial nails, how should they be wrapped?
Wrapping from one side to other at nail tip ensures durability and aesthetics.
The method of cutting the hair straight across while flat of hand against the neck is:
Club cutting also called blunt cutting creates a clean straight line at the ends. It is the classic technique used in nape work with the hand held flat against the neck. Tapering and slithering remove weight by graduating or thinning, and razor cutting leaves softer tapered ends rather than a blunt edge.
Nail whiteners are available in the form of:
Traditional nail whitener is a paste applied under the free edge to create an opaque white appearance and stay in place during wear. Liquids and oils lack sufficient hiding power, and loose powder does not adhere without a binder.
What would the color result be when you use blue base toner on hair that has been pre-bleached to pal yellow stage:
Correct: Option A - Green cast.
To protect client's skin when waxing, what should be done?
Apply talc powder absorbs moisture, reduces pain, increases wax adhesion.
To make sure hair is evenly porous on resistant hair before tinting, you must use the:
When hair is resistant, it means the cuticle layer is very tight, making it difficult for color or tint to penetrate evenly.
Before tinting, you want to even out the porosity so the color absorbs uniformly along the hair shaft.
Why “Cream or oil bleach” is correct:
Cream or oil bleach can be used as a pre-softening or pre-lightening treatment.
It slightly lifts (opens) the cuticle layer without fully bleaching the hair.
This makes the hair more porous and receptive to color, ensuring that tint or dye will take evenly.
Cutting the hair in graduated length from the nape toward the crown of the head is known as:
Shingling describes a graduated cutting technique where hair is cut progressively shorter toward the nape, producing a tapered or stacked effect from nape to crown. Layer cutting is a more general term for creating layers, razor cutting indicates the tool used, and club cutting is not the standard term for this graduated nape-to-crown method.
What test is done to determine solution time and effectiveness?
Strand test checks time and effectiveness of dye on small hair strand.
The earliest sign of developing acne that may lead to inflammatory acne is:
Correct: Option d - Microcomedone - This is the initial clogged pore that can develop into inflammatory acne.
How do you take-off the muslin wax strip for remove unwanted hair:
Removing a wax strip requires minimizing pain and skin trauma. Pulling in the opposite direction of hair growth ensures effective hair removal by aligning with follicle angles, while the same direction or vertical position increases resistance or incomplete removal. Quick, opposite-direction pulls are standard to reduce follicle damage, a technique honed in waxing procedures.
The outer layer of the skin is known as the:
The outer layer of the skin serves as the body's first line of defense against external threats such as bacteria, UV radiation, and physical injury, and this layer is scientifically termed the epidermis. Comprising several sub-layers, the epidermis includes the stratum corneum, a tough outer barrier made of dead, keratin-filled cells that shed regularly, and the stratum basale, where new cells are produced through continuous cell division to replace those lost. Lacking blood vessels, the epidermis relies on nutrients diffused from the underlying dermis, which contains a rich network of blood vessels and nerves. This structure is crucial in cosmetology for procedures like chemical peels or moisturizing, where the condition of the epidermis directly impacts skin appearance and health. The dermis, located beneath, provides structural support with collagen and elastin, while the hypodermis is a deeper layer of fat for insulation and cushioning, not considered the outer layer. The cuticle, typically associated with nails or hair, does not apply to the skin's outer surface in this context.
To keep the hair from tangling after a sodium hydroxide relaxing treatment, it should be used ___ after shampooing:
Correct: Option c - Conditioner or cream rinses - These help detangle and smooth hair post-relaxing.
Oil lighteners are mixtures of hydrogen peroxide with:
Oil lighteners, also called oil bleaches or cream lighteners, are formulated as mixtures of hydrogen peroxide with sulfonated oils—chemically modified oils like castor or mineral oil treated with sulfuric acid to enhance emulsification and penetration—for gentle, controlled lifting of hair color up to 2-3 levels while conditioning the strands. The sulfonated oils act as surfactants, improving the mixture's viscosity for easy application and reducing drip, while buffering the peroxide's oxidative action to minimize damage and dryness compared to powder bleaches. This combination is ideal for on-scalp applications, such as highlighting or balayage, where scalp sensitivity requires milder formulas, with peroxide volumes typically 20-30 for safe lifting. Unlike olive oil (natural emollient without lifting properties), mineral oil (base carrier but non-reactive), or classified oils (unspecified), sulfonated oils ensure even distribution and adhesion, often boosted with persulfates for extra power. Cosmetologists use them in foils or freehand for subtle effects, monitoring lift with strand tests and neutralizing post-process to close cuticles. Developed for professional use, these lighteners suit all hair types but excel on fine or damaged hair, providing hydration via fatty acids, though allergies to sulfates necessitate patch tests. Proper mixing ratios (1:1 or per instructions) and development under plastic for heat retention optimize results, making oil lighteners a staple for achieving bright, healthy blondes without compromise.
Secondary lesions are those that develop in the skin during which stage of a disease:
Correct: Option c - Early - Secondary lesions often appear in the early stages as the disease progresses.
Nail grows by constant multiplication of nail cells in the:
Nail growth originates in the matrix, where mitotic activity produces new cells that keratinize and push outward. The eponychium is the cuticle, the nail bed supports the nail plate, and the lunula is the visible matrix part, not the growth site. The matrix's role is analogous to the hair follicle, driving continuous nail extension, a key fact in manicure and nail health management.
To clean nail surface before applying gel polish, what should be used?
70% alcohol cleans oil and dirt, increases gel polish adhesion.
What technique is used to create smooth straight hair?
Flat iron (thermal straightening) makes hair straight and smooth temporarily.
What causes blackheads on skin?
Blackheads are caused by pores clogged with oil and dead cells, oxidized.
The permanent wave neutralizer is designed to stop the action of the waving lotion and:
Neutralizer stops the chemical reducing action by re-oxidizing the broken disulfide bonds and reforming them into their new curled shape. It effectively 'rebonds' or 'locks in' the curl pattern established by the waving solution. Relaxing curled hair would undo the wave, and softening or closing the cuticle are secondary outcomes but not the main chemical purpose.
When doing eyelash extensions, what is the main tool used?
Tweezers are used to attach false lashes accurately and safely to real lashes.
Which of the following is one of the disinfectants used in salons?
Household bleach (sodium hypochlorite) is an effective disinfectant, diluted according to EPA.
To clean hair before dyeing, what should be used?
Clarifying shampoo removes oil and styling products, prepares hair for dyeing.
Skill in the finger waving is important to the cosmetologist because it:
Skill in finger waving is crucial for cosmetologists as it serves as the foundation of styling, teaching essential techniques for manipulating hair shape, direction, and texture without relying on modern tools like curlers or irons. This method develops hand-eye coordination, precision in creating ridges and troughs, and an understanding of hair behavior under tension and moisture, principles that underpin advanced hairstyles such as updos, victory rolls, or contemporary waves. Unlike creating very tight waves (which is just one possible outcome), being easy to master (it's actually challenging and requires practice), or eliminating layers (it complements layering), finger waving builds core competencies in wet styling and sets the groundwork for creative expression in the field. Historically derived from Marcel waving but adapted for finger use, it emphasizes working with the hair's natural properties, helping professionals adapt to various hair types—from straight to wavy—and client needs, ultimately enhancing service quality, efficiency, and artistic capabilities in salon environments.
Shaping or cutting wet hair is done with a:
A razor is designed to be used on damp or wet hair to reduce friction and prevent tearing. Clippers and trimmers are primarily for dry hair and edging, while shears can cut wet hair but the technique specifically associated with wet shaping in state board style questions is the razor.
Where should hot wax be tested to ensure safety?
Test hot wax on technician's wrist checks temperature, avoids burning client.
When super curly hair has been relaxed and is very fragile, the operator needs to use the following implement for cutting:
Chemically relaxed curly hair can become fragile and prone to breakage. Scissors offer the most controlled, gentle cutting action and allow the stylist to remove damage safely with precise sectioning and point cutting. Clippers or razors can exert more mechanical stress or slicing action that may worsen fragile hair condition.
What type of skin is most easily irritated?
Sensitive skin is easily irritated by chemicals, temperature, or products, needs gentle care.
Your hands need to wash with liquid soap, scrub your hands and lather for at least:
Proper handwashing time is at least 20 seconds to remove dirt, oils, and most transient microorganisms effectively. This is a standard hygiene guideline in both cosmetology and healthcare settings to maintain sanitation. Less time may not adequately break down and rinse away contaminants.
To clean metal tools, what should be used?
Barbicide is specialized disinfectant for metal tools, meets EPA standards.
What drying tool should be used to create tight curls at the scalp?
Diffuser creates tight curls, maintains natural waves near scalp.
The temperature of heated thermal irons depends on:
Heated thermal irons' temperature varies with the hair texture, as coarse or thick hair requires higher heat (e.g., 350-400°F) to style effectively, while fine hair needs lower heat (e.g., 250-300°F) to avoid damage. The Marcel iron technique, hair stylist skill, or manufacturer settings are secondary factors. Texture dictates heat settings to ensure styling without compromising hair integrity, a key principle in thermal styling.
What is the hair wrapping method where paper is folded in half called?
Bookend folds paper in half to protect hair, creates beautiful perm style.
When doing hair, what type of gloves should be used to protect hands?
Nitrile gloves resist chemicals, do not cause allergies, safe according to OSHA.
When applying a virgin hair with sodium hydroxide chemical relaxer, the cosmetologist should apply:
For virgin sodium hydroxide relaxers apply to the most resistant mid shaft first keeping product off the scalp and porous ends initially. Heat at the scalp speeds processing and ends absorb fastest, so starting about one half inch away prevents over processing and breakage; scalp and ends are addressed last to even out the result.
Solution used to test hair for a metallic salt color coating is comprised of one ounce 20 volume H2O2 and how many drops of 28% ammonia waters:
Correct: Option C - 15 drops.
Hairs remove by wax, shaving, electrolysis, and tweezing are among the treatments for:
Hair removal methods address various dermatological conditions, each with specific indications. Hypertrichosis, excessive hair growth due to genetics or hormones, is effectively managed with waxing, shaving, electrolysis (permanent), and tweezing. Trichorrhexis nodosa involves hair shaft fragility, not excess growth. Pityriasis capitis simplex is dandruff, and androgenic alopecia is patterned hair loss, neither requiring removal techniques. The choice of method depends on hair type, skin sensitivity, and desired permanence, making this a practical application question.
A tertiary color is achieved by mixing equal amounts of a secondary color and its neighboring:
Correct: Option D - Primary colors.
Hair cut short at the nape line這樣的, high at the crown area creates the illusion of:
Correct: Option D - Height
Using 40 volume of Hydrogen peroxide will produce:
Hydrogen peroxide volume indicates its oxidizing strength, with 40 volume (12%) being a high-lift agent used for significant lightening. It produces more deposit (color change) and high lift, suitable for dark hair to blonde, but risks damage if not controlled. Low deposit options imply weaker solutions (e.g., 10 or 20 volume), making 40 volume's high-lift capacity the defining characteristic in professional hair coloring.
What is a disease that spreads from person to person called?
Communicable disease spreads through direct or indirect contact, according to CDC.
Cocci are bacteria having a round shape, bacilli are bacteria having a rod shape, and spirilla are bacteria having a corkscrew shape. All of them are:
Bacteria are categorized by their morphology, which is critical for microbiological identification and treatment strategies. Cocci, being spherical, can form clusters (e.g., Staphylococcus) or chains (e.g., Streptococcus), with some causing infections like pneumonia or strep throat. Bacilli, with their rod-like structure, include beneficial species like Lactobacillus (used in yogurt fermentation) and pathogens like Escherichia coli (causing food poisoning). Spirilla, with their spiral shape, include harmless species like Spirillum volutans and pathogenic ones like Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease). The question probes the general nature of these bacteria, which can range from symbiotic (aiding digestion) to pathogenic (causing disease), requiring a nuanced understanding of microbial ecology.
How should solution be applied on rods?
Apply solution gently and carefully to avoid hair damage, ensure even perming.
Highlighting shampoo tint contain a/an:
Highlighting shampoo tints, also known as color-enhancing or toning shampoos, contain an aniline derivative tint combined with shampoo to deposit subtle color while cleansing, providing a gentle way to add highlights, neutralize unwanted tones, or refresh faded color without the commitment of permanent dyes. Aniline derivatives, synthetic organic compounds like para-phenylenediamine (PPD) or related amines, penetrate the cuticle slightly for semi-permanent effects, lasting 4-6 shampoos and ideal for blending grays or enhancing natural hues. This formulation allows for easy application during washing, with the shampoo base ensuring even distribution and conditioning benefits to counteract potential dryness. Unlike vegetable tints (natural extracts like chamomile for mild lightening), metallic and aniline mixes (which could cause incompatibilities), or compound dyes (multi-type blends), aniline-based highlighting shampoos offer predictable, vibrant results with low ammonia or peroxide levels. Cosmetologists recommend them for maintenance between full color services, considering hair porosity (porous hair absorbs more) and pH balance to avoid buildup. Historical development from early coal-tar dyes evolved to safer, regulated formulas, with patch tests mandatory to prevent allergies. This versatility makes them popular for at-home use, but professionals use them in salons for customized toning, such as purple shampoos for blondes to combat brassiness, ensuring enhanced shine and color longevity through proper lathering and rinsing techniques.
The action of hydrogen peroxide is hastened by the addition of:
The oxidative action of hydrogen peroxide in hair coloring or lightening is hastened by the addition of 28% ammonia, an alkaline agent that raises pH to open the cuticle, accelerate decomposition into oxygen radicals, and enhance melanin breakdown for faster lifting and color development. This combination in permanent dyes or bleaches speeds processing time, allowing 1-4 levels of lift depending on volume (10-40), but requires careful formulation to avoid over-oxidation leading to dryness or breakage. Distilled, hard, or soft water dilute but don't hasten; hard water with minerals might even inhibit. Ammonia's role, as in Vinci Hair Clinic insights, includes swelling the shaft for dye penetration, with concentrations like 28% in professional developers ensuring efficiency. Safety involves ventilation, patch tests for allergies, and neutralizers post-process to stabilize pH. In rocket fuels or glow sticks, H2O2 reacts differently, but in hair, this synergy enables vibrant, long-lasting colors, with alternatives like MEA for ammonia-free options slowing action for gentler use. Cosmetologists monitor timing—shorter with ammonia—considering hair health, as excessive haste risks uneven results or damage, emphasizing balanced mixes for optimal, healthy transformations.
Cosmetologist (practitioner) can re-lighten the hair after lightening service within how many hours?
Re-lightening involves additional chemical oxidation, which lifts more pigment but risks damaging the hair's cuticle and cortex if performed too soon. The hair requires a recovery period after initial lightening to stabilize its structure, with 24 hours being a widely accepted minimum to prevent brittleness or breakage. Some protocols extend this to 48-72 hours based on hair porosity and chemical strength, reflecting the need for careful timing to balance efficacy and safety in professional settings.
Aniline tint with a pH of 9.5 and pure water with a pH of 7 is considered to be:
Correct: Option b - Acid - Aniline tint at pH 9.5 is slightly alkaline, but the question implies comparison with pure water (pH 7), and the context suggests a misunderstanding; however, based on standard definitions, it's not typically acid.
The offset a long neck in hair shaping, it advisable:
Correct: Option C - Leave the hair full at the neck.
When doing nails, what type of lamp should be used to dry gel?
UV lamp dries gel effectively, activates photochemicals in gel.
The three growth phases of hair are Anagen, Catagen and which phase?
Telogen is the resting phase in hair cycle (anagen: growth, catagen: transition).
Which of the following has acid
Astringents are mildly acidic solutions typically pH 3 to 5 that cause tissue contraction and temporary pore tightening. Cassia oil and lavender are essential oils rather than acids and almond is a food containing fats and proteins. Therefore the item that has an acidic character is an astringent.
When cutting hair above 90°, what effect will it create?
Cutting above 90° creates layers, increasing thickness and movement in hair.
For style set with rollers, the diameter of the roller has the most important effect on:
Correct: Option A - The firmness of the curl
When using scissors to cut hair on comb (over comb), should first cut at:
Correct: Option D - The side of the head
Hair strength and elasticity are traceable to the:
Hair strength and elasticity—the ability to withstand tension, stretching, and environmental stressors while returning to its original shape—are primarily traceable to the cortex, the thick middle layer of the hair shaft composed of keratin proteins arranged in coiled bundles that provide structural integrity and flexibility. The cortex, making up 80-90% of the hair's mass, contains hydrogen, salt, and disulfide bonds that enable up to 30-50% stretch when wet and resilience when dry, influenced by genetics, nutrition, and care routines. In contrast, the medulla is an inner core often absent in fine hair and contributes minimally; the cuticle is the protective outer layer for shine and barrier function but not core strength; and the follicle is the root structure for growth, not shaft properties. Damage from heat, chemicals, or UV exposure weakens cortical bonds, leading to brittleness, while treatments like protein masks reinforce them. Understanding this anatomy allows cosmetologists to tailor services, such as recommending deep conditioning for low-elasticity hair or avoiding over-processing, ensuring healthy, vibrant styles that maintain form and resist breakage over time.
When applying the cold wave neutralizer, seat the patron in an upright position because:
Correct: Option B - Easier to take care of the dripping.
For hair and scalp cleanliness, the hair should be shampooed:
Shampoo frequency should be determined by individual needs such as scalp oiliness, hair type, lifestyle and any chemical treatments. Prescribing a universal fixed interval is not appropriate; therefore the best guidance is to shampoo as often as necessary to maintain a clean, healthy scalp and hair. Daily washing may be unnecessary for dry hair, while once a week may be insufficient for oily scalps.
Vigorously brush the hair before a permanent waving may cause:
Correct: Option B - Irritations scalp
When performing oil enhancement with lamp method, what needs to be done?
Covering client's eyes with cotton pads protects from strong light, ensures safety.
The main ingredient of nail polish is:
Nitrocellulose is the primary ingredient that gives nail polish its film-forming properties.
Scratches on a nail body could be the result from the use of:
Nail scratches often result from improper tool use. Strong polish remover, with its harsh solvents, can erode the nail plate if overapplied. A steel pusher on a dry nail risks scratching due to lack of lubrication, while orangewood sticks on a wet nail are gentler. The mechanical action of a dry pusher on a brittle nail surface explains the potential for scratches, a concern in manicure safety.
Why is rinsing the hair for at least 3 minutes before applying neutralizer recommended, because it provides:
A thorough rinse for at least three minutes removes residual waving solution and dilutes remaining chemicals, preventing continued reducing action. It also helps reintroduce oxygen and prepares the hair structure so the neutralizer can rebond disulfide links effectively, resulting in a safer, more predictable neutralization and better hair integrity.
What type of skin needs the most moisturizer?
Dry skin needs lots of moisturizer to prevent flaking and irritation.
What type of hair tends to grow ingrown?
Curly hair easily grows ingrown, causes folliculitis, boils.
Most cosmetology textbook recommend that cotton tipped orangewood stick be used to apply:
Cotton-tipped orangewood sticks are recommended for precise application of products like nail bleach, cuticle solvent, or oil due to their gentle, non-abrasive nature and ability to hold liquid. Nail cream or all of the above are less specific, as creams are typically applied with broader tools. The stick's design minimizes skin irritation and ensures targeted delivery, a standard practice in manicure hygiene and precision.
The nail root begins from an actively growing tissue called the:
The matrix is the living tissue that produces the nail plate; its front visible portion appears as the lunula. The eponychium is the proximal fold cuticle area and the hyponychium is under the free edge.
To bond natural nails and acrylic nails, what product is used?
Primer creates strong bond between natural nails and acrylic.
When press the hair, the pressing comb must start:
Correct: Option A - Close to the scalp.
Before applying a chemical depilatory, it is necessary to give a/an:
Correct: Option c - Skin test - A patch test on the skin checks for allergic reactions or irritation.
Which disease is caused by parasites?
Pediculosis is caused by lice parasites, causing itching, transmitted through contact.
In cold waving the degree to which the hair will wave or curl depends on one of the following:
Curl size in a permanent wave is determined primarily by the diameter of the rod used. Smaller rods produce tighter curls and larger rods produce looser waves. Product type affects processing strength and time, and density or elasticity affect response, but rod size sets the finished curl size.
If tension is used when wrapping the hair for permanent waving, the action of the cold wave solution could be:
If excessive tension is applied when wrapping hair for a permanent wave, the action of the cold wave solution—typically containing ammonium thioglycolate to break disulfide bonds—could be retarded, as the stretched hair fibers compress, limiting solution penetration and swelling, resulting in slower processing, uneven curls, or under-permed sections with potential for dryness or breakage. This occurs because tension restricts the hair's natural expansion during chemical restructuring, preventing thorough saturation and bond reformation around the rod. In contrast, proper wrapping uses even, moderate tension for smooth placement without pulling, ensuring optimal curl formation. Sources like Milady and salon forums highlight risks of too much tension causing frizz, weak waves, or hair stress, recommending relaxation techniques and end papers for control. Factors like hair texture—fine hair more susceptible—or rod size influence tension needs, with over-tension often leading to 'fishhook' ends or scalp irritation. Cosmetologists perform test curls to adjust, processing 5-25 minutes based on strength, and neutralize to stop action. This principle, from two-step perming (reduction then oxidation), underscores gentle handling for durable, bouncy results, educating clients on aftercare like protein treatments to restore strength post-service.
The three principal parts of a pin curl are the base, the circle, and:
The three principal parts of a pin curl in cosmetology are the base (the foundational section attached to the scalp that provides stability and determines the curl's position), the stem (the intermediate section between the base and the circle that controls the curl's mobility and direction), and the circle (the curved end that forms the actual curl shape, influencing its tightness and volume). This tripartite structure allows stylists to manipulate curl characteristics for various effects: the base ensures secure anchorage, the stem adjusts movement (from stationary to flowing), and the circle defines the wave or loop. Unlike texture or elasticity (which are hair properties affecting curl formation) or mobility (which is an outcome of the stem), the stem is essential for versatility in pin curling techniques. This breakdown is taught in basic hairstyling courses to enable creation of pin curls in clockwise or counterclockwise directions, for forward or reverse movements, and in stand-up or flat configurations, serving as the basis for intricate hairstyles, thermal sets, and even modern blow-dry techniques that mimic these elements for added body and style longevity.
If the fastening band is twisted or stitched too tightly on permanent waving curling rods, it may cause:
Correct: Option B - Hair breakage is a common result of tight fastening.
Which one of the following is not a main part of the finger nail?
Correct: Option c - Mantle - The mantle refers to the proximal nail fold, which is skin, not part of the nail itself.
When doing hair, what temperature should the curling iron be checked at?
Medium temperature (120-150°C) is safe, avoids damaging hair.
Which massage method below does NOT make clients comfortable?
Hacking is strong massage, causes pain, not relaxing.
To protect nails after gel polish, what should be applied?
Cuticle oil maintains moisture, protects nails and surrounding skin.
When hairstyle requires a great deal of mobility, use the:
In cosmetology, when a hairstyle demands a high level of mobility, meaning the curls need to have significant movement, bounce, and flow away from the scalp for dynamic, voluminous looks such as cascading waves or updos with soft, swinging elements, the full-stem curl is the optimal choice. The stem in pin curls or roller sets refers to the section of hair between the scalp (base) and the first turn of the curl (circle), and its length directly dictates the curl's mobility: a no-stem curl sits flat against the scalp with minimal movement, ideal for sleek, close-to-head styles; a half-stem curl offers moderate mobility for balanced volume; while the full-stem curl, where the stem is as long as possible within the section, allows the curl to pivot freely from the base, providing maximum swing and liveliness. This technique is particularly useful in creating hairstyles that require natural-looking motion, like beach waves or formal styles with hanging tendrils, as it leverages the hair's natural elasticity and gravity for enhanced aesthetics. Cosmetologists must consider hair type—fine hair may need shorter stems to avoid limpness, while thick hair benefits from full stems for control—along with factors like face shape, occasion, and client preferences to ensure the mobility enhances rather than overwhelms the overall look. Historical styles from the 1920s flapper era to modern red-carpet appearances often incorporate full-stem curls for their versatility, and proper setting with pins or rollers, combined with products like mousse or hairspray, ensures longevity without sacrificing movement. Mastering stem variations builds foundational skills in wet and dry setting, enabling professionals to adapt to diverse textures, lengths, and trends while minimizing damage through even tension distribution.
Matter is defined as anything that:
Correct: Option c - Occupies spaces - This is the fundamental definition of matter.
The highest volume of developer used with bleach powder is:
In hair bleaching, the developer (hydrogen peroxide) volume determines lift strength, with 40 volume (12%) being the highest safe concentration for professional use with bleach powder to achieve maximum lightening (e.g., black to pale blonde). Volumes like 20, 25, 30, or 35 are lower, used for less lift or gentler processes. Exceeding 40 volume risks severe hair damage, making it the ceiling in standard protocols.
What technique is used to create permanent curls?
Perm (cold wave) changes hair structure, creates permanent curls.
Wet normal hair can stretch its natural length about:
When hair is wet, water breaks some of the hydrogen bonds in keratin and the fiber swells, increasing elasticity. Typical wet elongation for normal hair is around 40% to 50% of its original length. Much smaller percentages describe dry elasticity, while values like 50% to 70% would be an overestimate for normal hair.
When cutting a client, what should the technician do?
Stop service immediately to provide first aid, avoid worsening the wound, comply with safety.
Common procedure for virgin bleach is to wait until the second application to apply bleach to the:
Correct: Option D - Roots.
The suction machine usually is used on small sections of the face when treating
Vacuum suction helps mobilize sebum and loosen comedones for extraction and is therefore used on blemished or acne prone skin. It may be irritating for dry or aging skin and is unnecessary on normal skin. Small sectional use helps avoid bruising and over stimulation.
Before applying nail tips, what is the first step?
Medium-grit file removes natural oils, increases adhesion for glue.
What causes red swollen pimples with pus?
Red swollen pimples with pus are caused by bacteria (staphylococcus aureus) causing inflammation, accumulating pus.
Substances that attract water and moisture is:
Humectants, like glycerin or hyaluronic acid, attract and retain water, hydrating skin and hair, a vital property in moisturizers. Solvents dissolve substances, preservatives extend shelf life, and dissolving agent is less specific. Humectants' hygroscopic nature makes them essential in combating dryness in cosmetic products.
Saturated steam is another method for sterilizing objects with:
Correct: Option d - Moist heat - Saturated steam provides moist heat, which is effective for sterilization by denaturing proteins.
What can cosmetologists use to remove excess skin around nails?
Cuticle nippers cut excess skin accurately and safely.
When sectioning for a cold wave, each section should be:
When sectioning hair for a cold wave permanent, each section should be 1/2 inch shorter than the rod to ensure the hair fits neatly within the rod's length, allowing end papers to fold over without overhang, preventing fishhook ends, uneven curling, or solution drips, while promoting uniform wave patterns and reducing tension issues. This sizing—width slightly narrower than the rod (often 1/2 inch less)—facilitates secure wrapping, as the rod typically spans 2-4 inches, and sections match for density control based on hair thickness equaling the rod diameter. Unlike longer sections that cause bulging or slippage, or much shorter ones limiting curl size, this standard from Milady's guidelines optimizes chemical penetration in nine-section patterns (crown to nape), adapting for styles like bricklay or halo. Cosmetologists use combs for precise parting, considering scalp shape and desired volume—shorter sections for tighter curls—and test for elasticity pre-wrap. Historical cold waves, sans heat, rely on accurate sectioning for safety, minimizing breakage on fine hair or over-processing on coarse. This technique ensures long-lasting, bouncy results, with post-perm care like neutralizing and conditioning vital for bond reformation and client satisfaction in achieving desired textures from spirals to body waves.
70% of ethyl alcohol or grain alcohol is equivalent to how much of isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol)?
Correct: Option B - 90%
Converter is mechanical electrical device used to change a direct current (D.C) into an alternating current (A.C) and what device changes an alternating current (A.C) into direct current (D.C).
Correct: Option d - Rectifier - This device converts AC to DC.
What should be used to safely remove cream from a container?
A non-absorbent tool (disinfected spatula) prevents cross-contamination, according to salon standards.
What are the characteristics of cells in the growth phase?
Anagen phase is active hair growth phase, cells divide rapidly.
The immunity that is inherited refers as:
Inherited immunity, or natural immunity, is passed genetically from parents, providing innate resistance (e.g., to certain diseases) without exposure. Acquired immunity develops post-exposure, vaccination involves artificial immunization, and susceptible indicates lack of immunity. Natural immunity's basis in genetic factors like antibodies or phagocytes underscores its congenital nature, relevant in health-related cosmetology contexts.
What will happen when the perm rods are placed in a vertical position?
Correct: Option D - Spiral curl
Skin condition caused by overactivity and excessive secretion of the sebaceous glands or greasy scales on the skin nose forehead and scalp is often a sign of
Seborrhea results from overactive sebaceous glands leading to excess sebum and greasy scales especially on the scalp nose and forehead. Acne vulgaris and acne simplex are primarily inflammatory and comedonal conditions while acne rosacea is a vascular disorder with flushing and telangiectasia. The hallmark here is oiliness and scaling which defines seborrhea.
Ultraviolet rays are applied with a lamp at a distance of 30" to 36" from the skin. If the shorter rays are needed, the ultra-violet ray lamp is placed within:
Correct: Option A - 12" from the skin is the correct adjustment for shorter rays.
When cutting hair with clippers, what will the result be?
Clippers create a gradient style, shorter at the edges than on top, popular in fade styles.
When bacteria are in the spore stage, they are:
Correct: Option c - Inactive stage - Spores are a dormant, resistant form where bacteria are inactive.
When giving a permanent wave, in order to control the size and tightness of the curl from scalp to end on extra long hair, you would:
Correct: Option C - Use the piggy back method of wrapping.
How many vegetable cells make up a microbe?
In older cosmetology texts microbe refers mainly to bacteria which are single celled organisms. Each microorganism is one cell that reproduces by binary fission, so only one cell makes up a microbe.
The hair shaping with the surface longer than the sub-surface is the result of:
Correct: Option A - Under cut is the correct technique.
The hair layer which is sometimes missing in women's fine hair is the:
The medulla is the innermost core of the hair shaft and is frequently absent in fine or naturally thin hair. The cortex forms the bulk of the hair and contains pigment and strength, while the cuticle is the protective outer layer. Lanugo refers to a type of fine body hair rather than a structural layer of the shaft. Because fine hair often lacks a medulla, Medulla is the correct choice.
The skin on which the nail body rest is known as the:
The nail body rests on the nail bed, a specialized skin layer beneath the nail plate that supports growth and adhesion. The matrix produces the nail, the nail root is the proximal matrix base, and nail-groove (or lateral nail fold) surrounds the nail edges. The nail bed's rich blood supply nourishes the nail, making it the correct anatomical term in nail anatomy studies.
To avoid breakage when pressing fine hair, the following is required:
Correct: Option A - Less heat and less pressure
A semi-permanent tint contain a/an:
A semi-permanent tint contains certified colors, which are FD&C-approved direct dyes that deposit color on the hair's surface and within the cuticle without requiring oxidation or penetration into the cortex, providing temporary to medium-lasting hues that fade gradually over 4-28 shampoos depending on hair porosity and care. These certified colors, regulated for safety by bodies like the FDA, include acid or basic dyes such as nitro compounds or anthraquinones, ensuring minimal damage as they lack ammonia or high-volume peroxide, making them ideal for toning, gray blending, or color refreshment on all hair types. In contrast, compound henna is a natural vegetable dye for coating; aniline derivatives like PPD are oxidative agents in permanent tints that require developer for deep penetration and longevity; and metallic dyes build color progressively but can cause incompatibilities. Formulations often include conditioning agents like cetearyl alcohol or amodimethicone for shine and softness, with pH-balanced to seal cuticles. Cosmetologists select semi-permanent for clients seeking low-commitment changes, applying after shampooing with development times of 10-30 minutes, and advising on sulfate-free maintenance to prolong vibrancy. Historical evolution from coal-tar dyes to safer synthetics underscores their popularity in modern lines like L'Oreal or Madison Reed, which avoid harsh chemicals, promoting healthy, vibrant results without lifting natural pigment or causing allergic reactions common with permanents.
What level of sanitation does handwashing belong to?
Handwashing is cleaning, removing surface dirt and bacteria, the lowest level according to CDC.
Dry crystal packets add more in a cream lightener formula will:
Dry crystal packets in a cream lightener typically contain persulfates or similar agents that, when mixed, enhance the lightening process by boosting peroxide activity. This increases the product's strength, allowing deeper pigment lift, but can also make hair more porous or damage ends if overused. Decreasing strength contradicts the additive's purpose, which is to amplify the formula's oxidizing power, a key consideration in hair bleaching techniques.
What chemical should be used to remove artificial hair tint?
Artificial hair tint removal requires a chemical that breaks down dye molecules without excessive damage. A dye solvent specifically targets synthetic colorants, while hydrogen peroxide or bleach powder with hydrogen peroxide lifts natural pigment, and a 40% H2O2 solution is too strong for safe use. The solvent's selective action preserves hair integrity, a critical consideration in color correction procedures.
To determine the hair's degree of elasticity is known as the:
The strand test involves stretching a hair strand to assess its elasticity.
Cuticle creams are used to:
Cuticle creams hydrate and protect, treating brittle and dry cuticles to prevent cracking. Removing dead cuticle is a physical process, not a cream's function, and encouraging nail growth or removing dry cuticle are beyond its scope. The emollient properties of creams, often with oils or urea, restore moisture, making this a primary use in nail care maintenance.
When removing bulk during a hair cut what distance from the scalp should you begin:
Correct: Option D - All of the above are correct.
Potential Hydrogen (pH) of the skin range from:
The skin's natural pH ranges from 4.5 to 5.5, reflecting its acidic mantle that protects against pathogens and maintains barrier function. Values like 1-3 or 7-9 are too extreme, and 3-4 or 5-7 are narrower or less accurate. This acidic range is crucial for product compatibility in skincare, influencing formulation pH.
Boosters, protinators, and activators are products add to bleach to:
Correct: Option B - Speed up the action of the bleach.
A round thickened patch of epidermis caused by friction is called
A keratoma also called a callus is a localized thickening of the stratum corneum produced by repeated friction or pressure. Chloasma is hyperpigmentation from hormonal influences lentigines are freckles and leucoderma is a loss of pigment. Only keratoma matches a thickened patch from friction.
The mixing of two substances is based on:
Mixing substances in cosmetology relies on binders, which hold ingredients together (e.g., in creams or lotions), or glycerin for moisture retention. Moisture and surfactants (emulsifiers) aid texture but are not the primary basis, while cleaning surface is a result, not a basis. Binders ensure product stability, a key factor in formulation science.
Hydrogen peroxide should be stored in which of the following containers, EXCEPT?
Hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidizing agent, should not be stored in metal as it causes dangerous chemical reactions.
No person shall massage a surface of skin or a scalp on a patron that is:
Massaging infected, broken, or irritated skin/scalp can spread bacteria, worsen conditions, or cause pain, violating hygiene standards. A dead cell, white patch, or mangy condition (e.g., mange) are not standard contraindications; infection is the primary concern due to its contagious potential. This rule protects both client and practitioner, a cornerstone of cosmetology safety.
When discussing with clients, listening to opinions and repeating requests demonstrates what skill?
Effective listening ensures understanding client needs, improves communication and service.
When skin lacks oil, what type of skin does it become?
Skin lacking oil becomes dry, easily flaky, tight and irritated.
Pin curls placed behind the ridgeline of a shaping, are called:
Pin curls strategically positioned immediately behind or below the ridgeline—the elevated crest or wave formation in a shaping or finger wave—are known as ridge curls, a specialized technique used to reinforce and define wave patterns by adding underlying support and texture. These curls form a wave when brushed out, creating a seamless transition between ridges for a polished, sculpted effect often seen in retro hairstyles like 1930s Hollywood waves or modern editorial looks. Unlike roller curls, which use cylindrical tools for uniform volume; pivot curls, which rotate around a point for directional movement; or sculpture curls, a broader term for artistic pin curls; ridge curls specifically enhance ridge definition, allowing for stronger, more durable waves that hold against humidity or movement. In practice, cosmetologists create ridge curls by winding small sections clockwise or counterclockwise along the ridge, securing with clips, and considering hair texture—curly hair may need less winding, straight hair more tension—to achieve optimal lift and flow. This method integrates with skip waves or full finger waving, promoting volume at the sides or crown while minimizing flatness, and requires skill in sectioning and drying to prevent frizz or collapse, ultimately contributing to versatile, long-lasting styles that elevate professional services.
The stabilizer is also known as neutralizer and:
Correct: Option c - Fixative - Stabilizer neutralizes and fixes the hair structure.
To insure better tint coverage on resistant hair, use:
Correct: Option a - A filler applied to the pigmented hair - Filler helps even out porosity for better tint uptake.
You have a new client desiring a soft permanent waving on natural super curly hair of medium texture and density. To insure the best chances of success, what is the most important first step?
Correct: Option B - Shampoo and scalp brushing.
Covered containers must be used for the storage of:
Correct: Option B - All cosmetics.
When you mix blue, green, and violet, what base color will be corrected?
Mixing blue, green, and violet creates a drab base, which is used to neutralize unwanted warm tones in hair.
Split ends are best removed by:
Correct: Option a - Blunt cutting - Blunt cutting trims straight across to remove damaged ends without causing further splitting.
Other names of dermis are derma, corium, true skin and:
The dermis, or derma/corium, is the skin's thick layer beneath the epidermis, containing collagen and blood vessels. Stratum lucidum is an epidermal layer, cutis is a general skin term, and stratum granulosum is another epidermal layer. Epidermis, as an alternative name, reflects the dermis's role as the true structural skin layer, a key distinction in dermatological and cosmetology anatomy.
Which material is multi-use (can be used multiple times)?
Cuticle nippers can be reused after proper disinfection.
When cutting curly hair with press comb, what pressure should be used?
Minimum pressure maintains curly hair structure, avoids temporary straightening.
When using heat in hair services, what should not be used?
Metal combs conduct heat, cause burns and hair damage.
What cut creates one length across the scalp?
Uniform layer creates consistent length, increases even thickness.
In razor hair shaping, the thinning is controlled by the:
The primary factor that controls how much hair is removed when shaping with a razor is the pressure applied. Greater pressure cuts more hair and produces a closer thin, while lighter pressure removes less. Direction, speed and how the razor is held influence the result but pressure is the main variable for controlling thinning intensity.
To insure long lasting springy curls, the hair strand must be rib boned, stretched and wound uniformly, and each curl is:
For consistent curls, each strand should be directed away from the face and wound uniformly.
The average life of hair on the head is about:
The average lifespan of hair on the human scalp is approximately 4-7 years.
The neutral of potential Hydrogen (pH) such as pure water is:
The pH scale measures acidity or alkalinity, with 7 being neutral, as exemplified by pure water, where H+ and OH- ions are balanced. Values like 5, 6, 9, or 10 indicate acidic or alkaline conditions, respectively. In cosmetology, understanding pH is crucial for product formulation (e.g., shampoos, skin care) to maintain skin and hair health, with 7 serving as the baseline for neutrality.
When you mix blue, green, and violet, what color will be corrected?
In color theory, mixing blue, green, and violet produces a shade leaning toward a cool, dark hue, often neutralized by its complementary color. Drab, a dull brownish-gray, suggests a correction toward a warmer tone. Tertiary colors are intermediate mixes, translucents imply transparency, and blender is not a color term. The correction likely involves adding a warm color (e.g., orange) to balance the cool mix, a principle used in hair coloring and cosmetics.
The visible portion of the nail, resting upon the nail bed is the:
The nail body also called the nail plate is the visible hard keratin that sits on the nail bed. The free edge extends beyond the fingertip, the lunula is the pale half moon at the base, and the nail root is under the skin within the matrix.
If using excessive hydrogen peroxide, the hair will become:
Excessive hydrogen peroxide swells and damages the cuticle layer, breaking down the protein structure and increasing porosity. Overuse strips natural oils and structural components, making the hair more porous and fragile. It does not make the hair resistant, nor does it decrease porosity or cause keratinization in this context.
The direction of the natural flow of hair on the scalp is known as the hair:
The natural flow of hair is determined by the growth pattern and is often referred to as the whorl or cowlick.
The most desirable hair length for best results in skip waving is:
For achieving the best results in skip waving—a cosmetology technique that alternates finger waves with rows of pin curls or ridge curls to create a textured, undulating pattern with skipped sections for added dimension and movement—the most desirable hair length is 8 to 10 inches, providing sufficient length to form defined waves and curls without excessive bulk or difficulty in manipulation. Shorter lengths like 1 to 2 inches limit wave formation to basic textures, 3 to 5 inches allow minimal skips but lack depth, and 7 to 8 inches offer moderate results, but 8 to 10 inches enable full expression of the skip pattern, allowing curls to interlock with waves for a cohesive, voluminous style that brushes out smoothly. This length accommodates various hair types: straight hair benefits from the extra grip for holding waves, wavy hair enhances natural patterns, and curly hair can be relaxed slightly for control. Cosmetologists use products like setting lotion or mousse to enhance hold, sectioning the hair precisely to alternate waves and curls, often on the sides for a retro flair inspired by 1920s-1940s aesthetics. Factors such as scalp health, hair porosity, and client lifestyle influence adaptations, ensuring the style remains practical and flattering, with longer lengths facilitating easier brushing and longevity for events or daily wear.
Which one of these daily requirements for cosmetologist good grooming is not required?
Good grooming for cosmetologists includes hygiene practices like clean teeth, fresh breath, comfortable shoes, and clean, uniform attire to maintain professionalism and client trust. Comfortable white shoes, while recommended for comfort, are not a strict grooming requirement like hygiene or attire. This distinction reflects practical versus essential standards in cosmetology workplace protocols.
If a cold wave lotion accidentally drips on the skin around the face or neck what lotion you can do on skin:
Correct: Option B - Apply neutralizer to the skin.
When rinsing dyed hair, what type of water should be used?
Warm water opens cuticles, effectively removes excess dye.
When using thermal iron on chemically treated hair, what phenomenon will occur?
Thermal iron on chemically treated hair causes smoke and burning, hair damage.
If while relaxing the hair, your client complains of a stinging sensation in a small area, you should:
Correct: Option D - Spray this area with cool water
A base cream is applied when giving sodium hydroxide chemical relaxes to:
Correct: Option C - Protect the scalp from the strong chemical.
For a hairstyle set with rollers, which one of the following has the most important effect on the tightness of the curl?
Correct: Option B - Diameter of the rollers has the most significant impact on curl tightness.
What type of hair is cut to the crown?
Soft hair (not coarse) is easy to cut to crown, creates beautiful layers.
In which layer of skin are blood vessels located?
Dermis contains blood vessels, nerves, sweat glands.
The immediate effects of massage are first noticed:
Correct: Option C - On the skin.
What component is needed when doing soft curls?
Rod diameter determines curl tightness (small: tight, large: loose).
To ensure safety, what information should be found on products?
EPA registration number proves product has been tested for safety.
What causes oily skin?
Oily skin is due to sebaceous glands producing too much oil, from genetics, hormones or improper care.
Round red lesions with silver borders are symptoms of what condition?
Nummular eczema causes red, round lesions with silver borders, usually itchy.
When picking up articles from the floor, use the muscle of:
Because the thigh muscles do the main lifting work — emphasizing safe body mechanics and protecting the back
The main ingredient of oil-in-water emulsion is:
Correct: Option C - Water
To achieve a natural tone, which color additive should you add to a blue base toner when pre lightened hair is pale yellow:
You add red to a blue base toner when pre-lightened hair is pale yellow because red + blue = violet, and violet neutralizes yellow to create a natural, balanced tone without greenish results.
When coloring with half lift and half deposit, which volume of Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) will you use?
Half lift half deposit services use a mid strength developer near the classic twenty volume range that both slightly lifts and deposits. Among the choices provided twenty is not listed and twenty five volume is the closest match; five is too weak for lift, fifteen is mostly deposit, and thirty five is a high lift choice.
The technique to thin hair with the shear is known as:
Correct: Option D - Slithering
What is the epidermis surrounding the nails called?
Cuticle is the epidermis around nails, protects from bacteria, needs careful care.
Part of a cell that is vitally important to reproduction is called the:
Correct: Option b - Nucleus - The nucleus contains the genetic material necessary for cell reproduction.
What is a trimmer used for?
Trimmer is used to sharply edge hairlines around ears and neck, creating precise lines.
What type of hair needs the longest chemical processing time?
Coarse hair has thick cuticles, needs long time for chemicals to penetrate.
When shaping the hair style, the cosmetologist must consider the length of hair, texture and:
Correct: Option B - Height of body.
After cutting hair at 90° vertical, how is the technician allowed to check?
Cross check (90° horizontal cut) ensures evenness after 90° vertical cut.
An inflammatory condition of the tissues surrounding the nail is known as:
This condition involves inflammation around the nail, often due to infection, trauma, or irritation. Onychatrophia refers to nail atrophy or wasting, Onychia to nail bed inflammation, Paronychia to the specific inflammation of the surrounding tissue (commonly caused by bacteria or fungi), and Onychoptosis to nail shedding. Paronychia is distinguished by its location and frequent association with swelling or pus, making it a key diagnosis in nail care and cosmetology.
The removal of excess dead cells from the skin surface is called:
The process of removing excess dead cells from the skin surface is known as exfoliation, a technique that enhances skin texture, promotes cell renewal, and improves the absorption of subsequent skincare products. Exfoliation can be performed mechanically using tools like scrubs or microdermabrasion devices, which physically dislodge dead cells, or chemically with agents such as alpha hydroxy acids (AHA) or beta hydroxy acids (BHA) that dissolve the bonds holding dead cells together. This procedure reveals fresher, healthier skin underneath and is widely used in facial treatments to address dullness, clogged pores, or uneven tone. Cleansing removes surface dirt and oil but does not specifically target dead cell removal, moisturizing adds hydration without exfoliating, and toning adjusts skin pH without affecting dead cell layers, making exfoliation the distinct process here.
The classification of hair color that does not lift natural melanin but requires 10 volume developers is:
Non-oxidative hair color deposits color without lifting the natural melanin, requiring a low-volume developer.
Metallic salts are found in:
Metallic salts, such as lead acetate, silver nitrate, or copper compounds, are found in progressive hair dyes—gradual colorants that darken hair over repeated applications by reacting with sulfur in keratin to form metallic sulfides, providing subtle gray coverage without immediate drastic change. These dyes build color progressively, often used in men's products for natural-looking results, but they can cause brittleness, discoloration with other chemicals, or green casts, making them incompatible with perms or oxidative colors due to potential reactions like hair melting. Unlike vegetable tints (plant-based for coating), aniline tints (synthetic for penetration), or crayon tints (temporary waxes), progressive dyes with metallic salts require daily application until desired shade, then maintenance, with effects permanent until grown out. Cosmetologists rarely recommend them today due to health concerns (lead toxicity) and better alternatives, but historically popular in the mid-20th century for discreet aging solutions. Regulations limit concentrations, and patch tests are essential to avoid irritation. Application involves combing through dry hair, avoiding scalp contact, with results varying by natural color—darker on grays—and potential for unevenness if overused, emphasizing the need for professional advice to transition to safer demi-permanent options.
Mobility of a pin curl is determined by its:
The mobility of a pin curl, referring to the degree of movement, bounce, or swing the curl exhibits once set and released, is primarily determined by its stem, which is the portion of hair extending from the base to the first turn of the circle and acts as a flexible connector influencing how far the curl can deviate from the scalp. A no-stem curl (where the circle sits directly on the base) offers no mobility, ideal for flat, close-to-head styles; a half-stem curl provides medium mobility for subtle volume; and a full-stem curl allows maximum mobility, creating stand-up volume or cascading effects. This is distinct from the base (which anchors the curl), the pivot (not a standard term in pin curling, possibly referring to rotation point), or the circle (which shapes the curl but not its movement). Understanding stem control enables cosmetologists to design hairstyles with precise volume placement, such as building height at the crown or allowing soft flow around the face, adapting to hair length, density, and client preferences. This concept extends to roller sets and thermal curling, where similar principles govern curl dynamics, emphasizing the importance of sectioning and tension in achieving professional, long-lasting results that enhance natural features and suit various occasions.
When blunt cutting, the hair is held outward by:
Blunt cutting is a one length technique. The comb supports and projects the hair while the shears cut a straight line. Fingers are used for layered or graduated work, clips only section hair, and the scissor blade does not hold the hair.
What type of hair needs more chemicals?
Good hair (poor absorption) has tight cuticles, needs more chemicals.
When a desires shade is reached the lightener should be removed with:
In cosmetology, once the desired shade is achieved during the lightening process, the lightener should be removed with cool or warm water to effectively rinse away the product, halt the bleaching action, and prevent further lifting or damage to the hair. This step is crucial because lighteners, typically containing hydrogen peroxide and persulfates, continue to oxidize melanin until neutralized by thorough rinsing. Using cool or warm (lukewarm) water helps open the cuticle slightly for better removal without shocking the hair, as opposed to cold water which might close the cuticle too quickly, trapping residue, or hot water which could exacerbate damage. Sulfonated oil is used in other contexts like oil lighteners or shampoos but not for removal here, while hydrogen peroxide is the active ingredient in the lightener itself and adding more would intensify the process rather than stop it. Standard protocols from resources like Milady's Cosmetology textbook emphasize rinsing with tepid water followed by shampooing to ensure all chemicals are eliminated, preserving hair integrity and preparing for toning or conditioning. Factors such as hair type—fine hair requires gentler handling to avoid breakage—water pH (soft water rinses better), and lightener type (powder vs. cream) influence the rinsing duration, often 5-10 minutes under running water. This method minimizes over-processing risks like porosity increase or yellowing, ensuring even color results and client safety through patch tests and strand tests beforehand. In professional salons, this practice supports long-term hair health, allowing for subsequent services without compromise, and is taught in basic color theory to prevent common errors like incomplete removal leading to uneven tones or scalp irritation.
When waxing, what needs to be done before applying wax?
Clean skin with alcohol removes oil and dirt, increases wax adhesion.
After a scalp cream has been applied, expose the scalp to the:
Infra-red rays produce gentle heat that increases blood circulation, opens pores slightly and helps topical products penetrate the scalp more effectively. Ultra-violet and actinic rays are associated with photochemical effects and potential damage, and blue light is not the typical modality for improving cream absorption. Therefore infra-red rays are the appropriate choice for enhancing product penetration and circulation after applying a scalp cream.
What is lightest color in primary color?
Primary colors (red, blue, yellow) form the basis of color mixing, with white being the absence of color or the lightest perceivable hue due to full light reflection. Yellow, while light, is a primary color itself, and other options like mauve (a pale purple) or blue are darker or secondary. In cosmetology, understanding light reflection aids in color correction and hair dyeing, where white serves as a theoretical maximum lightness.
What type of chemical should not be used near eyes?
Hair dye (aniline tints) causes eye irritation, not safe.
Tincture of iodine is commonly used on the skin as a/an:
Tincture of iodine, a solution of iodine in alcohol, is widely recognized for its antiseptic properties, killing bacteria and preventing infection, especially in wound care. Deodorants mask odors, disinfectants are used on surfaces, and styptics control bleeding, none of which align with iodine's primary skin application. Its efficacy stems from iodine's ability to penetrate cell walls, making it a staple in medical and cosmetic first aid, though it can stain skin temporarily.
Hair that is tapered and thinned well is:
Tapering and thinning remove bulk and weight from the hair shaft, lowering resistance to shape and allowing waves or finger wave patterns to hold more easily. Heavy, blunt hair resists molding because mass pulls styles down, so tapered and thinned hair is generally easier to wave and style.
To create comfort at hair ends, what technique is used?
Freedom backwards texturizes backward creating natural, comfortable hair ends.
The three phases of hair growth are anagen, catagen, and:
Hair growth cycles through three distinct phases: anagen (active growth), catagen (transitional regression), and telogen (resting phase, where hair is shed). Telogen is the final phase, preparing the follicle for a new anagen cycle. Transition and growth phases are part of anagen or overall development, not distinct stages, making telogen the correct completion of the cycle, a fundamental concept in trichology and hair care.
When waxing between eyebrows, how should it be performed?
Pulling wax toward eyebrows reduces pain, is effective, avoids skin damage.
When your hand has a chap(fissure), what you do protect your client and yourself:
A chap (fissure) on the hand risks infection transmission to clients and self. Wearing gloves creates a barrier, continuing work increases risk, and stopping work disrupts service. Protective cream may soothe but doesn't fully protect, making gloves the safest, most professional choice per occupational health standards in cosmetology.
A substance used for lubricating the skin during massage is:
Lubricants reduce friction during massage, enhancing comfort. Petroleum cream and emollient cream provide moisture and glide, while paraffin is a wax used for heat therapy, not lubrication. The choice depends on skin type, with petroleum's occlusive nature and emollients' hydrating properties being standard in massage therapy, a key aspect of spa treatments.
The person credited as being the originator of Marcel waving was a/an:
Correct: Option d - Frenchman - Marcel Grateau, a French hairdresser, invented Marcel waving.
When mix aniline derivative with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), it cause a chemical reaction called:
Correct: Option A - Oxidation
What type of skin has no oil?
Skin without oil is dry skin, easily flaky, tight, irritated.
For fine thin hair that needs more body, you would usually:
Correct: Option D - Slither the ends.
What technique is used to create volume at hair roots?
Backcombing (teasing) creates volume at roots, increases fullness.
Cutting hair at 45° elevation is called what cut?
Graduation (45° cut) creates transition from short to long, natural.
Before applying a thioglycolate relaxer product to the hair, should be first:
Correct: Option A - Shampooed
What should the technician do to avoid chemically burning the skin during a permanent wave process?
<div>Explanation:</div><div>During a permanent wave (perm) process, the solution can drip and saturate the cotton band placed around the client’s hairline. If this cotton becomes too wet, it can allow the chemicals to run down onto the skin, causing chemical burns or irritation.</div><div><br></div><div>Therefore, the technician should:</div><div>Remove and replace the saturated cotton band immediately to prevent chemical contact with the skin.</div><div><br></div><div>(Optional additional step): Applying a protective base (barrier cream) around the hairline before starting the process also helps, but the key action during the process to avoid chemical burns is removing the saturated cotton band.</div>
What is used to attach eyelashes?
Tweezers attach false lashes to real lashes accurately and safely.
What should disinfectants in salons be able to do?
Disinfectants kill bacteria, fungus, viruses, ensure safety according to EPA.
Which agency is responsible for the ingredient of a product?
The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) regulates cosmetic ingredients for safety and labeling in the U.S., ensuring consumer protection. OSHA oversees workplace safety, FMD and MSDS relate to material data sheets, not ingredient oversight. The FDA's authority extends to approving or banning ingredients, a critical aspect of product compliance in cosmetology.
When doing nails, which tool does not need disinfection after each client?
Electric file machine does not have direct contact, only needs surface cleaning.
When doing facials, where should you start?
Cleansing removes dirt and oil, prepares for next steps.
A licensed cosmetologist for pay may legally be performed in a client's home rather than in a salon:
Correct: Option D - Under no circumstances.
When doing hair, if chemicals get in eyes, what should be done?
Rinse eyes with clean water immediately to remove chemicals, avoid injury.